Epidemiology Flashcards
What is the difference between a red blood cell and a plant cell? (4 marks)
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus whereas plant cells do.
Plant cells have a cell wall, red blood cells only have a cell membrane
What is hypertonic solution?
Hypertonic solutions occur when there is a higher concentration in the cell, so water moves out of the cell.
What is isotonic solution?
Isotonic solutions occur when the concentration is equal in and out of the cell so osmosis is carried out at a steady rate.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Hypertonic solutions occur when there is a lower concentration in the cell, so water moves into the cell.
Why are MRI scans safer than CT scans?
MRI’s use radio waves which cause the proteins in the body to align which does not damage cells, whereas CT scans use x-rays which are ionising and can knock electrons out of orbit, turning the atoms to ions which can lead to the mutation of cells causing cancer.
What does epidemiology mean?
The study of the distribution and patterns of disease in population and why they occur
What does incidence mean?
The occurrence of new cases of disease, injury or other medical conditions over a specific time period
What does prevalence mean?
The proportion of a population with a disease or a particular condition at a specific point in time
What does mortality mean?
The occurrence of death
What does mortality rate mean
The frequency of death in a population over a specified time period
What does morbidity mean?
The state of having a disease or a medical condition
How is epidemiology used?
Identified the cause of disease
Determines the extent of disease
Identifies trends and patterns of the incidence of the disease
Studies the progression of the disease
Plan and evaluate preventative and therapeutic measures for a disease or condition
Develop public health policy and preventative measures
What is meant by health promotion?
It is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and well-being
What is public health?
Public health is about helping people to stay healthy and protecting them from threats to their health
What are descriptive studies?
The description of the distribution of health and disease in a population
