Epidemiology

Question 1

What is virulence?

Answer 1

measure of organisms’ pathogenicity;
their ability to cause disease
(severity of infection)

Question 2

What is pathogenicity?

Answer 2

organism’s ability to cause infection

-> characterized by virulence and invasiveness

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

mech. of how org. causes infection and disease

Question 4

What is Morbidity vs. mortality

Answer 4

Incidence of disease vs. death rate

Question 5

Reservoir

Answer 5

where agent lives, multiplies and metabolizes

Question 6

Source

Answer 6

site from which the agent is transmitted to a susceptible host; can be indirect/direct (thru intermediary obj.)

Question 7

Etiologic agent

Answer 7

bacteria/virus is causing the infection

Question 8

3 factors that lead to infection
(aka. Chain of Infection)
And what other factor must be identified and understood?

Answer 8

1. etiologic agent
2. method of transm.
3. Host: what’s being infected
   Environmental

Question 9

what are the 4 main methods of transmission?

Answer 9

Contact
Air
Vector
Common vehicle

Question 10

Pathology of Liver Fluke Infection: 3 pts.

Most infections are ___ or ____

Answer 10

-> Most infections: mild/asympt.
• Chronically-infected indiv. could develop hepatobiliary conditions
• If worm burden is high, can see: fibrosis, hepatomegaly, cholangitis (biliary tract inflamm.), or gallstone formation

Question 11

L.F. infections can lead to _____: what does it mean?

Answer 11

cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer): malign. tumor in biliary tract

Question 12

Cholangiocarcinoma:

Prognosis and mortality rates?

Answer 12

poor prognosis

high mortality rates

Question 13

roles that contribute to having Cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 13

Diet, lifestyle, and genetics likely; needs an integrative approach