Epi Exam 2

Question 1

Point Prevalence

Answer 1

Refers to all cases of a disease in a population of interest at a specified point in time.

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

Refers to new cases of a disease that occur among a population at risk during a specified period of time.

Question 3

Experimental Studies

Answer 3

Manipulate study factor and randomly assigns subjects to exposed/nonexposed.

Question 4

Quasi-experimental Studies

Answer 4

Manipulates study factor but not randomization of study subjects.

Question 5

Ecologic Comparison Study

Answer 5

Examines exposure rates and disease rates among different groups over the same time period.

Question 6

Ecologic Trend Study

Answer 6

Examines changes in exposure and changes in disease within the same community, country, or other aggregate unit.

Question 7

Ecologic Fallacy

Answer 7

Observations made at the group level may not represent the exposure-disease relationship at the individual level.

Question 8

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 8

A type of prevalence study.
Exposure and disease measures obtained at the individual level.
Single period of observation.

Question 9

Case-Control Study

Answer 9

A study where one group has the disease of interest and a comparable group is free from the disease.

Question 10

Odds Ratio

Answer 10

=AD/BC

Question 11

Temporality

Answer 11

The timing of information about cause and effect.

Question 12

Cohort Life Table

Answer 12

Shows the mortality experience of all persons born during a particular year.

Question 13

Period Life Table

Answer 13

Enables us to project the future life expectancy of persons born during the year as well as the remaining life expectancy of persons who have attained a certain age.

Question 14

Years of Potential Life Lost

Answer 14

Computed for each individual in a population by subtracting that person’s life span from the average life expectancy of the population.

Question 15

Disability-Adjusted Life Years

Answer 15

Adds the time a person has a disability to the time lost to early death.

Question 16

Exposure-Based Cohort

Answer 16

Made up of subjects with a common exposure.

Question 17

Relative Risk

Answer 17

The ratio of the incidence of disease in the exposed group to the incidence in the non-exposed group.

Question 18

Nested Case-Control Studies

Answer 18

A type of case-control study in which cases and controls are drawn from the population in a cohort study.

Question 19

Validity

Answer 19

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.