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EPI > EPI 1 > Flashcards

EPI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fixed population?

A

Permanent membership
– Membership is defined by an event, i.e. National Reserves
dispatched to Hurricane Katrina relief efforts
– Members cannot enter but they can leave (e.g., atomic bomb survivors)

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2
Q

What is a fixed and closed population?

A

Permanent membership
– Church picnic
– Members do not leave or enter. No losses occur (bad potato salad)

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3
Q

What is a dynamic or open population?

A

– Transient membership
– Defined by being in or out of a “state,” i.e. the population of a
given city

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4
Q

What are counts?

A

Counts tell us the number of people with a disease

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5
Q

What are proportions?

A

Proportions tell us what fraction of the population
is affected

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6
Q

What are rates?

A

Rates tell us how fast the disease is occurring in a
population

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7
Q

What are odds?

A

dds convey the possibility of the disease occurring

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8
Q

What are ratios?

A

Ratios give us information about what groups are at
higher risk of disease than others

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9
Q

What are proportions typically used for in EPI?

A
  • Point and period prevalence and cumulative incidence
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10
Q

What is cumulative incidence?

A

Number of new cases that develop in a population at risk during a specified time period

Population at risk
– Susceptible population
– Must be free of disease at the beginning of the follow-up period
– Must have relevant organs

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11
Q

What is the formula for cumulative incidence?

A

Over a specified period of time

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12
Q

What needs to be in place for cumulative incidence?

A

– Population must be fixed
– Entire population is followed for the entire follow-
up period
– All first events are detected

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13
Q

What are other cumulative incidence measures?

A

Attack rate
Case fatality rate

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14
Q

What is the formula for attack rate?

A
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15
Q

What is the formula for case fatality rate?

A
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16
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Proportion of population who are existing cases (of
disease/event) at a given point or period of time

17
Q

What is point prevalence?

A

proportion of population who are existing
cases at a given point in time (t)

18
Q

What is period prevalence?

A

proportion of population who are existing
cases during a period of time

19
Q

What is the formula for prevalence?

A
20
Q

What type of measure would you use for a dynamic population?

A

Rate

21
Q

What is incidence rate?

A
22
Q

When would you use incidence rate?

A

Dynamic population
* Length of follow-up not uniform – not everyone is followed
for the entire time period

23
Q

What are other names for cumulative incidence?

A

Attack rate
Risk
Incidence proportion

24
Q

What are odds?

A

probability of event / probability of non-event

25
Q

What is risk ratio?

A
26
Q

What is the interpretation of risk ratio?

A

Individuals in the exposed group experienced X times the risk of
disease compared to individuals in the unexposed group

27
Q

What is incidence rate ratio?

A
28
Q

What is the interpretation of incidence rate ratio?

A

Individuals in the exposed group experienced X times the rate of
disease compared to individuals in the unexposed group

29
Q

What is odds ratio?

A
30
Q

What is the interpretation of odds ratio?

A

Individuals in the exposed group experienced X times the odds of
disease compared to individuals in the unexposed group

31
Q

What is risk difference?

A
32
Q

What is the interpretation of risk difference?

A

There is a _____ excess risk of outcome due to exposure.

33
Q

What is the relationship between incidence and prevalence?

A
34
Q

What factors increase disease prevalence?

A

Long Duration
– Low cure rate
– Low case fatality
* Increase in New Cases
* Improved Detection
* Immigration of Patients
* Emigration of Healthy People

35
Q

What are factors that decrease prevalence?

A
  • Short Duration
  • Decrease in new cases
  • Improved cure rate
  • Emigration of patients
  • Immigration of healthy people
36
Q

What is the formula for mortality rate?

A
37
Q

What are all the ratio formulas?

A

EPI (3 decks)

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