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EPHE 241 > EPHE 241 Exam #3 > Flashcards

EPHE 241 Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Endocrine Organs

A

Organs whose primary function is the secretion of hormones.

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2
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organs

A

Organ whose secretion of hormones is secondary to another function.

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A region at the base of the brain that regulates autonomic functions and and secretes several hormones, most of which regulate secretory activity of the pituitary gland.

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4
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Primary endocrine gland located in the brain

Note: Secretes the hormone melatonin

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5
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

Hormones that regulate the secretion of hormone

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6
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

A

Tropic hormone secreted from the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary.

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7
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A

Tropic hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary.

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Tropic hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary that stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.

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9
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that regulates the body’s response to stress; regulate protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a variety of tissues; and regulate blood glucose levels; the primary glucocorticoid is cortisol.

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10
Q

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

A

Tropic hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary.

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11
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; essential for normal growth.

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12
Q

Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs)

A

Peptide hormone secreted by the liver in response to growth hormone
Note: Promotes protein synthesis and growth

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13
Q

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)

A

Tropic hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits growth hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary

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14
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

A hypothalamic tropic hormone that stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins by the anterior pituitary.

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15
Q

Gonadotropin

A

2 hormones – follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) – that are secreted by the anterior pituitary and regulate gonadal function in either sex.

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16
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

A gonadotropic hormone that stimulates gametogenesis and regulates other gonadal functions in either sex.

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17
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

A gonadotropic hormone that stimulates sex hormone secretion and regulates other gonadal functions in either sex.

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18
Q

Estrogen

A

A class of sex hormones secreted by the ovaries

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19
Q

Progesterone

A

A sex hormone secreted by the ovaries, primarily during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

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20
Q

Androgens

A

A class of sex hormones secreted by the testes.

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21
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Primary endocrine gland located in the brain

Note: Secretes the hormone melatonin.

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22
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Endogenous fluctuations in body functions that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

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23
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Butterfly-shaped primary endocrine gland located on the ventral surface of the trachea.
Note: Secretes T4, T3 and calcitonin.

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24
Q

Tetraiodothyronine (T4)

A

One of the thyroid hormones.

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25
Q

Triildothyronine (T3)

A

One of the thyroid hormones.

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26
Q

Calcitonin

A

Peptide hormone released from C cells of the thyroid gland that regulates plasma calcium levels.

27
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

Primary endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Note: Secreted by the parathyroid hormone.

28
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Peptide hormone released from the parathyroid gland that regulates plasma calcium levels.

29
Q

Thymus

A

Primary endocrine gland located near the heart; secretes the hormone thymosin
Note: Also is the site of T lymphocyte maturation.

30
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Primary endocrine gland located above the kidneys; divided into an outer cortex and an inner cortex.

31
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outer portion of the adrenal gland.

Note: Secretes adrenocorticosteroids.

32
Q

Adrenocorticoids

A

Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex.

33
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that regulate sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.
Note: The primary mineralocorticoids is aldosterone.

34
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that regulate the body’s response to stress; regulate protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a variety of tissues; and regulate blood glucose levels; the primary glucocorticoid is cortisol.

35
Q

Sex Hormones

A

Steroid hormones includes estrogens, progesterone, and androgens secreted from the adrenal cortex and gonads, which regulate reproductive function and promote gametogenesis, growth and maintenance of reproductive organs and development of secondary sex characteristics.

36
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

The inner portion of the adrenal gland.

Note: Secretes catecholamines.

37
Q

Pancreas

A

A gland located in the abdominal cavity that performs endocrine and exocrine functions
Note: Secretes pancreatic juice and hormones, including insulin and glucagon.

38
Q

Insulin

A

A peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas; promotes metabolic processes of the absorptive state.

39
Q

Glucagon

A

A peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas; promotes metabolic processes of the postabsorptive state.

40
Q

Antagonism

A

In the endocrine system, when one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.

41
Q

Additive

A

In the endocrine system, indicates that the effect of 2 hormones is simply the sum of the effects of each hormone.

42
Q

Synergistic

A

Pertaining to a process in which the net effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.

43
Q

Permissiveness

A

Phenomenon in which one hormone is needed for another hormone to exert its actions.

44
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Law showing the inverse relationship between pressure and volume.

45
Q

Spirometer

A

Device for measuring lung volume.

46
Q

Lung Volume

A

Measures of the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs under certain conditions.

47
Q

Tidal Volume (Vt)

A

The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs during a normal, unforced breath.

48
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the end of a normal inspiration.

49
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be expired from the end of normal expiration.

50
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration.

51
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a resting expiration.

52
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration.

53
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A

The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximum inspiration.

54
Q

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

The maximum amount of air a person can forcefully expire following a maximum inspiration.

55
Q

Forced Expiratory Capacity (FEC)

A

A measure of the percentage of the forced vital capacity that can be exhaled within a certain time frame.

56
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm.

57
Q

Intercostal Nerves

A

Spinal nerves that innervate the intercostal muscles of respiration.

58
Q

Inspiratory Neurons

A

Central nervous system neurons that have an increased firing rate during inspiration.

59
Q

Expiratory Neurons

A

Neurons in the CNS that increase the firing rate during expiration.

60
Q

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

A

Respiratory control centre in the medulla; contains expiratory and inspiratory neurons.

61
Q

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

A

Respiratory control centre located on the dorsal side of the medulla; contains primary inspiratory neurons.

62
Q

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)

A

Respiratory centre of the pons containing both inspiratory and expiratory neurons.

63
Q

Central Pattern Generator (CPG)

A

In the respiratory system, the network of neurons responsible for establishing the breathing rhythm.

64
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Receptors that monitor the concentration of certain chemicals in various locations in the body.

EPHE 241 (2 decks)

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