EPAs Flashcards
Differentiate b/t high + low energy modalities
high energy = overcome electrical energy of the cell membrane
low energy = increase activity of cell membrane
Define EPAs
electrical or physical agents applied to the body for assessment or treatment
Describe the concept of a therapeutic window
optimal amount of treatment/therapy to produce a desired effect
bleeding expected duration
1-2 days
bleeding clinical presentation
- bruising
- increasing swelling + pain
- TOP
- discolouration
inflammation expected duration
- starts 1hr
- peaks 1-3 days
- possible 2 weeks
inflammation clinical presentation
- acute swelling
- pain
- stiffness after rest
proliferative phase expected duration
- 2-3 days to 2-3 weeks
proliferation clinical presentation
- pain on stretch
- reduced swelling
remodelling expected duration
- 1 week to months
remodelling clinical presentation
- no pain at rest
- mild functional deficits
- local pain
How does heat application reduce pain by activating AB fibres
- AB fibres stimulate inhibitory neurons
- pain sensation therefore inhibited + reduced b/c can’t be relayed to CNS by AD fibres
- must be on same dermatome
What 2 key features must you consider related to the practical application of heat to stimulate AB fibres
- must be comfortable
- must be on same dermatome
List the risks to the patient associated with the application of an ice
- ice burn / reaction
- numbness may prevent them from detecting pain caused by ice
- peripheral nerve damage
- Autonomic reaction
Outline 3 similarities and 3 differences between superficial heating and cooling
- both reduce swelling
- both relieve pain
- both can cause burn
- one stimulates Ab other C
- one relies on pain gate theory one relies on endorphin release
- one works via vasodilation one works via vasoconstriction
- heat promotes tissue extensibility, ice inhibits it
Describe 3 physiological effects that may lead to the reduction in pain levels that may accompany use of ice
- endorphin release -> C fibre stimulation
- Vasoconstriction around area
- counterirritant
- Reduce cellular activity
Describe how US is produced
- reverse sizo-electric effect
-> crystal changes size + puts impulse into body
What are the 4 dosage parameters for US
- frequency
- pulsed/continuous
- time
- intensity
