Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PCE - Treatment > EPA Pt. 2 > Flashcards

EPA Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

HVPC:

  • ___ Voltage
  • ____ Peak intensity
  • ___ average intensity
A

High
High
Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HVPC:
Frequency
Pulse width

A

1-200Hz

5-65 pulse width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HVPC uses

A

decreased pain, decreased edema, increased wound healing, muscle stim
- enhances oxygenation, blood flow and tissue formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the benefit of higher voltage

A

more comfortable and larger “punch”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HVPC parameters for pain

A

Same as TENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HVPC parameters for wound healing

A

50-100Hz (submotor), 30-60 mins, 3-7 days/wk, polarity based on stage of healing
- one electrode in wound, one 10-20cm away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HVPC parameters for subacute edema reduction

A

5-20Hz (want twitch, usually start at negative polarity
- active red on edema (set as negative – pushes away +ve proteins) OR put it on muscle twitch on motor point & nerve trunk (chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HVPC parameters for muscle stim

A

35-65 hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the principle of galvanotaxis

A

can repel molecules or attract desired cells based on polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contraindications to HVPC

A
  • the usual
  • transcranially
  • person with cognitive or communication difficulty
  • impaired circulation
  • Inflammation (don’t want to add energy to injury)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does iontophoresis work

A

using current flow btw 2 electrodes to push ions through the skin barrier- - Positively charged drug can be made to cross the skin away from positive electrode (anode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Iontophoresis uses what type of current

A

direct current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in iontophoresis what occurs under the anode

A

possible acidic reaction - skin hardening over time (sclerotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in iontophoresis what occurs under the cathode

A

possible alkaline reaction (softening and burning of skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Should the cathode or anode be larger in iontophoresis? why?

A

Keep the cathode larger (current density is therefore lower and skin is less likely to burn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In iontophoresis What is current density limited to under the anode and the cathode?

A
  1. 0mA/cm2 under anode

0. 5mA/cm2 under cathode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the use for iontophoresis

A

hyperhidrosis, MSK inflammatory disorders, plantar fasciitis, TMJ disorders, ischemic skin ulcer, fungal infections, bursitis and tendonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Iontophoresis contraindications

A
  • over damaged skin or open lesions
  • allergy to therapeutic
  • impaired sensation
  • over electric implants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short wave diathermy therapeutically ____ body tissues at any depth

A

heats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 types of electromagnetic fields producing the heat in short wave diathermy

A

electrostatic and electromagnetic

21
Q

What are the physiological effects of short wave diathermy

A
  • increased tissue healing
  • enhance nerve regeneration
  • pressure ulcers
  • chronic low back pain
  • soft tissue injuries
    some evidence it can be used for pain, muscle spasm, chronic inflammation, delayed wound healing, chronic infection)
22
Q

2 main indications for application of short wave diathermy

A

OA

Ankle sprain

23
Q

Dosage of short wave diathermy based on

A
  • Sensation: want moderate heat (20-30 min)

- Tissue healing phase

24
Q

Contraindications to short wave diathermy

A
  • metallic implants & pacemakers (implanted devices)

- cognitive/communication challenges

25
What is a risk with short wave diathermy
- Can get burns (unequal spacing, perspiration, etc.) – patient should just feel mild, comfortable warmth
26
What are the 3 features of a laser
- Monochromaticity (all photons have a single wavelength) - Coherence (all photons travel in same phase and direction) - Collimation (minimal divergence over distance)
27
Laser uses
To increase tissue healing, decrease pain, decrease inflammation (wound management)
28
What is the choice of laser head based on
Depth of lesion
29
A red-near infrared laser head penetrates to what depth
1-5mm
30
A near-mid infrared laser head penetrates to what depth
5-10mm
31
What is the appropriate laser dose (acute and chronic)
``` acute = 2J/per point chronic = 4 J/per point (according to WALT guidelines) ```
32
What is the appropriate laser frequency (acute and chronic)
acute <1000 kHz (wavelength 600-1000 nm) | chronic >1000 kHz (wavelength 1000-1350 nm)
33
Laser contraindications
- Treatment of the eyes - Known or suspected malignancy - Low back or abdomen of pregnant women - Hemorrhage or severe vascular disease - Tissue infected by TB or virulent bacteria - Actively bleeding tissues or untreated hemorrhagic disorders - Active DVT or thrombophlebitis - Reproductive tissues (testes)
34
Laser precautions
- Recently radiated tissue - infected regions (compromised immune function) - anterior neck - photosensitive areas - cognitive impairments - epiphyseal plates in children
35
BCCDC Laser safety guidelines
- Use in a controlled area - Laser eye protection is required - Only authorized personnel must occupy the area - The area must have an appropriate warning sign - Any windows, doorways, openings, etc. must be either covered or restricted
36
UV is used to treat what?
- psoriasis - eczema - vitiligo - pruritus (secondary to liver/kidney disease) - acne - photodermatoses - wound healing - atopic dermatitis
37
UV dosage is based on....
on MED: then start at 70% then work up by 5-10 % as tolerated (combo of UVB and UVA)
38
UV Contraindications
- photosensitivity - skin cancer - CT disorder (be aware of drugs causing photosensitivity) - On eyes: can cause conjunctivitis or photokeratitis (inflammation of cornea) – cataracts are caused by chronic exposure to UV
39
What is the effect of ultrasound on tissue healing
• Accelerates inflammatory phase to make it as efficient as possible - Alters membrane permeability, releases “wound-healing” factors (ie. histamine, serotonin)
40
What are important things to remember when treating with ultrasound
Maintain contact and keep head moving and perpendicular to tissue
41
What are the thermal effects of ultrasound
- decreased pain - decreased joint stiffness - improved blood flow - promote healing (decreases inflammation)
42
What are the non-thermal effects of ultrasound
- wound healing - inflammation and soft tissue healing - altered scar tissue formation - stim of collagen synthesis - angiogenesis - repair of articular cartilage
43
Ultrasound parameters
- Frequency 1MHz (deep) and 3MHz (superficial) - intensity: inflammatory phase 0.1-0.5 W/cm2. proliferation phase 0.5-0.8 W/cm2. remodeling phase up to 2.5 W/cm2 - pulsed (acute) and continuous (chronic) - acute = 5-20mins, less time for acute and more time for chronic - pulse ratio: 1:8 to 1:1 to continuous
44
Ultrasounds should not be applied to an area larger than...
2-2.5xERA (ERA = area producing 5% or more of max. power output – higher = better)
45
Ultrasound contraindications
- implantable devices (ie. pacemaker, Medtronic stimulation system) - abdomen and pelvis if pregnant - malignancy - bleeding disorder - acute sepsis or infection - TB of lungs or bone - active DVT or thrombophlebitis - myositis ossificans - Fracture - impaired circulation or sensation - pelvis and lumbar spine if menstruating - radiotherapy (not for 6 months) - gonads - abscess - areas of acute inflammation (if using continuous as it generates heat)
46
Ultrasound precautions
- spinal cord or superficial nerves - regenerating nerves - epiphyseal plate unfused - implants (metal OK if using pulsed US
47
What is tape used for
- used for proprioceptive feedback - warning to stay out of posture - to maintain biomechanical gains of treatment - provide external stability
48
What a splints used for
Same as tape but used in more acute phase or prophylactically for return to play
49
What are orthotics used for
used as support for structure or off loading

PCE - Treatment (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions