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EP 101 > EP Lab Equipment > Flashcards

EP Lab Equipment Flashcards

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1
Q

Amplifer

A

amplify incoming cardiac signals before they are digitized, displayed and stored

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2
Q

Filters

A

remove unwanted components of sense signals

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3
Q

Computer

A

displays and stores signals. monitors for realtime and offline analysis

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4
Q

Programmable stimulator

A

deliver sequences of paced beats, synchronize pacing and pace multiple sites at once

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5
Q

junction box

A

device-to-device connections

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6
Q

ablation generator

A

delivery energy for ablative procedures

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7
Q

Used in cardiac emergencies

A

portable defibrillator and resuscitation equipment

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8
Q

cardiac mapping system

A

study complex arrhythmias and visualize cardiac catheters without fluoro

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9
Q

discontinue nonessential antiarrhythmic drugs

A

4 half lives (2-3 days)

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10
Q

how much fasting before EP study

A

6 hours

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11
Q

patient prep for EP study (4 things)

A

informed consent, conscious sedation, fasting, removal of drugs

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12
Q

aseptic technique

A

providing patient with the most microbe-free environment to prevent infection

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13
Q

infection control includes - 4 things

A
  1. shoe covers
  2. sterile field
  3. respect traffic patterns
  4. dress code
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14
Q

sterile field

A

horizontal table of radiographic and instrument tables, front of gown from underarm to table surface, sleeves and two inches above elbow

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15
Q

Minimize yourself from radiation 3 things

A
  1. time
  2. distance - 6’ from xray tube
  3. shield
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16
Q

Xray

A

converted to light and projected as a shadow image of dense structures`

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17
Q

continuous radiographic visualization of the heart

A

Fluoroscopy

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18
Q

common vascular access

A

femoral vein

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19
Q

if LV or aortic access is required

A

femoral artery

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20
Q

heart shadow is elliptical (what view)

A

RAO

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21
Q

spine is on the left and the LA is directly behind the left ventricle

A

RAO

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22
Q

provides good view of the left coronary artery and clear view of the left anterior decending artery

A

RAO

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23
Q

used to examine LA size and RVOT

A

RAO

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24
Q

camera is rotated 30 degrees toward the right side

A

RAO

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25
Q

camera is rotated 45 toward the left side

A

LAO

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26
Q

heart shadow image is round

A

LAO

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27
Q

spine is on the right side

RA is above the RV on left border. Aortic Arch can be seen

A

LAO

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28
Q

view of circumflex artery

A

LAO

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29
Q

used view to confirm catheter movement

A

LAO

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30
Q

projection used to evaluate the size of the LA and LV

A

LAO

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31
Q

view directly above the patient’s chest and xray is perpdendicular to patient

A

AP

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32
Q

spine is in middle of image, coronary arteries are in the front and the SVC, IVC are on the left

A

AP

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33
Q

view used to evaluate the size of LA, LV, RA

A

AP

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34
Q

drug used to slow AV conduction to allow time to study accessory pathways
produces AV block to study atrial signals

A

adenosine - adenocard

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35
Q

drug that can help dx: wide complex SVT, has no effect on vt

A

adenosine - adenocard

36
Q

drug treat symptomatic bradycardia, junctional escape mechanisms and second or third degree AV block

A

atropine

37
Q

drug that blocks parasympathic response of SA

A

Atropine

38
Q

drug speed up SA node and atrial conduction

A

Isoproterenol - isuprel

39
Q

drug cardiovert atrial flutter or fibrillatoin

A

corvert - ibutilide fumarate

40
Q

drug reduce defibrillation threshold of chronic AF

A

corvert - ibutilide fumarate

41
Q

drug produces systemic vasodilation

A

nitroglycerin

42
Q

drug decreases pulmonary vascular resistance. muscle relaxant

A

nitroglycerin

43
Q

drug treats cardiac arrest

A

epinephrine

44
Q

drug sedation to relieve patient anxiety

A

benzodiazepine - valium, versed

45
Q

binds to plasma proteins, minor CNS depression and muscle relaxant (drug)

A

benzodiazepine - valium, versed

46
Q

drug sedation pain management. adjunct to anesthesia

similar or morphine but 75-125x more potent

A

fetanyl

47
Q 
pain management (drug)
activates opiod receptor
A

morphine

48
Q

sedation - decreases level of consciousness (drug)

A

Diprivan - propofol

49
Q

reverse effect of benozdiazepine in conscious sedation

A

Romazican - flumazenil

50
Q

reverse effects of opoid

A

Narcan - naloxone

51
Q

treat low blood pressure caused by trauma or heart attack

A

Dopamine

52
Q

C shaped muscle ridge that extends along right atrial free wall

A

Crista Terminalis

53
Q

structure - lies anterior to the venae cavae ostia and separates the region of blookd entry from teh rest of the right atrium

A

Crista Terminalis

54
Q

runs from the Crista Terminalis along lateral wall

A

pectinae muscles

55
Q

firm muscle that extends along the atrial wall from the anterior IVC ositum to the posterior CS ostium

A

eustachian ridge

56
Q

shallow depression in center of interatrial septum

A

fossa ovalis

57
Q

lie on right atrial floor (2)

A

CS ostium

Inferior tricuspid annulus

58
Q

lies anterior to the eustachian ridge and CS ostium and posterior to the septal leaflet of the triscupid valve

A

triscupid isthmus

59
Q

zone of slow conduction during atrial flutter

A

triscupid isthmus

60
Q

area extends from triscupid annulus to the tendon of todaro to the CS ostium

A

Koch’s Triangle

61
Q

apex of koch’s triangle (2)

A

HIS bundle

COmpact AV node

62
Q

anterior / superior tract

A

fast pathway AV node

63
Q

posterior/ inferior tract

A

slow pathway AV node

64
Q

anterior/superior and posterior inferor tracts of Koch’s triangle form ditinct conduction pathways to the

A

AV node

65
Q

oblique vein of the left atrium - descends along the back of the left atrium and ends along the opening of the great cardiac vein - sometimes origin of atrial arrhythmias

A

vein of marshall

66
Q

structural anomalies or the heart or great vessels present at birth

A

congenital heart defects

67
Q

abnornal passage between the heart chambers or blood vessels

A

shunt

68
Q

redirects systemic blood into pulmonary circulatoin and exposes the patient to increase pulmonary pressure or volume

A

left-to-right shunt

69
Q

redirects pulmonary blood into systemic circulatoin (causing embolism)

A

right-to-left shunt

70
Q

narrowing of chambers, valves or blood vessels

A

obstruction

71
Q

left-to-right shunts

membranous or muscular septal defect between RV and LV

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

72
Q

left-to-right shunts
ostium secundum defects in middle septum
sinus venosus above fossa ovalis
ostium promum defects inferior septum

A

Atrial Septal Defects

73
Q

left-to-right shunts

incomplete closure of the ventricular septum and inadequate formation of triscupid and mitral valve

A

AV Septal Defects

74
Q

left-to-right shunts

defect between pulmonary arteries and aorta

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

75
Q 
right-to-left shunts
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
subpulmonary stenosis (RVOT obstruction)
Marked RV hypertrophy
aorta that overrides the VSD
A

Tetralogy of Fallot

76
Q

right-to-left shunts

aorta arises from the RV and pulomary artery from LV mixing ssytemic and pulmonary circulation

A

transposition of the great arteries

77
Q

right-to-left shunts

single great artery receives blood from both ventricles accompanied by Ventricular septal defects (VSD)

A

Truncus Arteriosus

78
Q

right-to-left shunts

no pulmoary veins join the LA. Bloos enters the LA via ASD

A

Total ANaomalous Pulmonary Venous connection

79
Q

obstructions

infolding of aortic wall causing narrowing

A

coarctation of the aorta

80
Q

obstructions

leaflets fuse to form a dome with narrow opening

A

pulmonary vein stenosis

81
Q

obstructions

fibrotic valve leaflets or fibroitic tissue above, within or below leaflets

A

aortic stenosis and artresia

82
Q

downward displacement of two valve leaflets into the RV.

A

Ebstein’s anomaly of the triscupid valve

83
Q

reversed positioning of the heart so the apex is directed to the right and the great vessels are reversed

A

Dextrocardia

84
Q

lab equpiment needed for EP testing (10)

A

computer, amplifiers, filters, programmable stimulator, junction box, ablatoin system, portable defibrillator, ECG leads, diagnostic catheters, ablation catheter

85
Q

obstructions (3)

A

Coarctation of the aorta
pulmonary vein stenosis
aortic stenosis and artesia

86
Q

RIght to Left shunts (4)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Truncus Ateriosus
Total ANomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

87
Q

Left to right Shunts (4)

A

Ventricular Septal Defects
Atrial septal defects
AV Septal Defects
Patent Ductus Arteriosus

EP 101 (6 decks)

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