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EP 101 > EP Lab Equipment > Flashcards

EP Lab Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Amplifer

A

amplify incoming cardiac signals before they are digitized, displayed and stored

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2
Q

Filters

A

remove unwanted components of sense signals

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3
Q

Computer

A

displays and stores signals. monitors for realtime and offline analysis

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4
Q

Programmable stimulator

A

deliver sequences of paced beats, synchronize pacing and pace multiple sites at once

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5
Q

junction box

A

device-to-device connections

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6
Q

ablation generator

A

delivery energy for ablative procedures

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7
Q

Used in cardiac emergencies

A

portable defibrillator and resuscitation equipment

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8
Q

cardiac mapping system

A

study complex arrhythmias and visualize cardiac catheters without fluoro

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9
Q

discontinue nonessential antiarrhythmic drugs

A

4 half lives (2-3 days)

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10
Q

how much fasting before EP study

A

6 hours

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11
Q

patient prep for EP study (4 things)

A

informed consent, conscious sedation, fasting, removal of drugs

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12
Q

aseptic technique

A

providing patient with the most microbe-free environment to prevent infection

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13
Q

infection control includes - 4 things

A
  1. shoe covers
  2. sterile field
  3. respect traffic patterns
  4. dress code
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14
Q

sterile field

A

horizontal table of radiographic and instrument tables, front of gown from underarm to table surface, sleeves and two inches above elbow

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15
Q

Minimize yourself from radiation 3 things

A
  1. time
  2. distance - 6’ from xray tube
  3. shield
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16
Q

Xray

A

converted to light and projected as a shadow image of dense structures`

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17
Q

continuous radiographic visualization of the heart

A

Fluoroscopy

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18
Q

common vascular access

A

femoral vein

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19
Q

if LV or aortic access is required

A

femoral artery

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20
Q

heart shadow is elliptical (what view)

A

RAO

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21
Q

spine is on the left and the LA is directly behind the left ventricle

A

RAO

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22
Q

provides good view of the left coronary artery and clear view of the left anterior decending artery

A

RAO

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23
Q

used to examine LA size and RVOT

A

RAO

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24
Q

camera is rotated 30 degrees toward the right side

A

RAO

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25
camera is rotated 45 toward the left side
LAO
26
heart shadow image is round
LAO
27
spine is on the right side | RA is above the RV on left border. Aortic Arch can be seen
LAO
28
view of circumflex artery
LAO
29
used view to confirm catheter movement
LAO
30
projection used to evaluate the size of the LA and LV
LAO
31
view directly above the patient's chest and xray is perpdendicular to patient
AP
32
spine is in middle of image, coronary arteries are in the front and the SVC, IVC are on the left
AP
33
view used to evaluate the size of LA, LV, RA
AP
34
drug used to slow AV conduction to allow time to study accessory pathways produces AV block to study atrial signals
adenosine - adenocard
35
drug that can help dx: wide complex SVT, has no effect on vt
adenosine - adenocard
36
drug treat symptomatic bradycardia, junctional escape mechanisms and second or third degree AV block
atropine
37
drug that blocks parasympathic response of SA
Atropine
38
drug speed up SA node and atrial conduction
Isoproterenol - isuprel
39
drug cardiovert atrial flutter or fibrillatoin
corvert - ibutilide fumarate
40
drug reduce defibrillation threshold of chronic AF
corvert - ibutilide fumarate
41
drug produces systemic vasodilation
nitroglycerin
42
drug decreases pulmonary vascular resistance. muscle relaxant
nitroglycerin
43
drug treats cardiac arrest
epinephrine
44
drug sedation to relieve patient anxiety
benzodiazepine - valium, versed
45
binds to plasma proteins, minor CNS depression and muscle relaxant (drug)
benzodiazepine - valium, versed
46
drug sedation pain management. adjunct to anesthesia | similar or morphine but 75-125x more potent
fetanyl
47
``` pain management (drug) activates opiod receptor ```
morphine
48
sedation - decreases level of consciousness (drug)
Diprivan - propofol
49
reverse effect of benozdiazepine in conscious sedation
Romazican - flumazenil
50
reverse effects of opoid
Narcan - naloxone
51
treat low blood pressure caused by trauma or heart attack
Dopamine
52
C shaped muscle ridge that extends along right atrial free wall
Crista Terminalis
53
structure - lies anterior to the venae cavae ostia and separates the region of blookd entry from teh rest of the right atrium
Crista Terminalis
54
runs from the Crista Terminalis along lateral wall
pectinae muscles
55
firm muscle that extends along the atrial wall from the anterior IVC ositum to the posterior CS ostium
eustachian ridge
56
shallow depression in center of interatrial septum
fossa ovalis
57
lie on right atrial floor (2)
CS ostium | Inferior tricuspid annulus
58
lies anterior to the eustachian ridge and CS ostium and posterior to the septal leaflet of the triscupid valve
triscupid isthmus
59
zone of slow conduction during atrial flutter
triscupid isthmus
60
area extends from triscupid annulus to the tendon of todaro to the CS ostium
Koch's Triangle
61
apex of koch's triangle (2)
HIS bundle | COmpact AV node
62
anterior / superior tract
fast pathway AV node
63
posterior/ inferior tract
slow pathway AV node
64
anterior/superior and posterior inferor tracts of Koch's triangle form ditinct conduction pathways to the
AV node
65
oblique vein of the left atrium - descends along the back of the left atrium and ends along the opening of the great cardiac vein - sometimes origin of atrial arrhythmias
vein of marshall
66
structural anomalies or the heart or great vessels present at birth
congenital heart defects
67
abnornal passage between the heart chambers or blood vessels
shunt
68
redirects systemic blood into pulmonary circulatoin and exposes the patient to increase pulmonary pressure or volume
left-to-right shunt
69
redirects pulmonary blood into systemic circulatoin (causing embolism)
right-to-left shunt
70
narrowing of chambers, valves or blood vessels
obstruction
71
left-to-right shunts | membranous or muscular septal defect between RV and LV
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
72
left-to-right shunts ostium secundum defects in middle septum sinus venosus above fossa ovalis ostium promum defects inferior septum
Atrial Septal Defects
73
left-to-right shunts | incomplete closure of the ventricular septum and inadequate formation of triscupid and mitral valve
AV Septal Defects
74
left-to-right shunts | defect between pulmonary arteries and aorta
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
75
``` right-to-left shunts ventricular septal defect (VSD) subpulmonary stenosis (RVOT obstruction) Marked RV hypertrophy aorta that overrides the VSD ```
Tetralogy of Fallot
76
right-to-left shunts | aorta arises from the RV and pulomary artery from LV mixing ssytemic and pulmonary circulation
transposition of the great arteries
77
right-to-left shunts | single great artery receives blood from both ventricles accompanied by Ventricular septal defects (VSD)
Truncus Arteriosus
78
right-to-left shunts | no pulmoary veins join the LA. Bloos enters the LA via ASD
Total ANaomalous Pulmonary Venous connection
79
obstructions | infolding of aortic wall causing narrowing
coarctation of the aorta
80
obstructions | leaflets fuse to form a dome with narrow opening
pulmonary vein stenosis
81
obstructions | fibrotic valve leaflets or fibroitic tissue above, within or below leaflets
aortic stenosis and artresia
82
downward displacement of two valve leaflets into the RV.
Ebstein's anomaly of the triscupid valve
83
reversed positioning of the heart so the apex is directed to the right and the great vessels are reversed
Dextrocardia
84
lab equpiment needed for EP testing (10)
computer, amplifiers, filters, programmable stimulator, junction box, ablatoin system, portable defibrillator, ECG leads, diagnostic catheters, ablation catheter
85
obstructions (3)
Coarctation of the aorta pulmonary vein stenosis aortic stenosis and artesia
86
RIght to Left shunts (4)
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the great arteries Truncus Ateriosus Total ANomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
87
Left to right Shunts (4)
Ventricular Septal Defects Atrial septal defects AV Septal Defects Patent Ductus Arteriosus

EP 101 (6 decks)

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