EOY Mock SAQ paper Flashcards
Apart from paediatricians and psychiatrists, state 4 professionals who can contribute to a diagnosis of ASD
CAMHS nurse
Speech and language therapist
Occupational Therapist
Educational psychologist
Teacher
DDx for ASD in teenagers?
OCD
Give some medical conditions that are comorbid with ASD
ADHD
Epilepsy
Fragile X
Visual and hearing impairement
Give 2 features assocaited with poor prognosis in ASD
lack of speech before 5 years
IQ below 50
What behavioural strategies can you suggest to manage constipation?
scheduled toileting
reward charts
use of a bowel diary
addressing psychological issues
What is the most appropriate drug class for simple constipation in kids? Give a named example
Macrogol e.g. Movicol
What is the role of a health visitor?
Offer support and encouragment to families through early years from pregnancy and birth to primary school
Give some physical signs and behaviours to suggets physical abuse in an older person
Signs:
weight loss
pressure sores
hypothermia
dehydration
injuries
behaviours:
withdrawn
not wanting to be left alone/ with certain people
Risk factors for elder abuse?
social isolation
memory problems
communication problems
carer has addictions e.g. alcohol or drugs
How can you reduce risk of refeeding syndrome?
replace B vitamins
reintroduce food slowly
Give some immediate management steps for a patient with a subdural bleed
stop anticoagulants
monitor GCS with regular neuro obs
contact neurosurgeons
MOA of apixaban?
factor Xa inhibitor
Give a scoring system that assesses risk of stroke in non-anticoagulated patients
CHADS2 VASc
Give a scoring system that assesses risk of major bleeding on anti-coagulation
ORBIT
Which antihypertensive carries a higher risk of postural hypotension?
amlodipine
State some physical complications of AN
Heart failure
Arrythmias
Osteoporosis
Anaemia
Amenorrhea
2 recommended psychological therapies for AN?
CBT - ED
MANTRA
What blood tests are important to support a diagnosis of NMS?
FBC, U&Es, LFTs
Creatine kinase
Other than headache and sxs of PMR, give some features that would suggest a diagnosis of temporal arteritis
jaw claudication
tender temporal artery on palpation
fever
vision loss
WL and night sweats
Give some adverse effects of tx with a systemic steroid
osteoporosis
diabetes mellitus
weight gain
myopathy
risk of infection
What can be prescribed for osteoporosis?
bisphosphonate
Adcal D3 (calcium and vitamin D supplement - must say both for mark)
Explain how GCA can cause vision loss
vasculitis affects the central retinal artery leading to reduction in blood flow to the retina
Describe the pathophysiology of bradykinesia in PD
Neuronal degeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway leads to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia
Name two dopamine receptor agonists that can be prescribed in PD
ropinirole
rotigotine
practice SAQ answers say avoid bromocriptine and cabergoline due to risk of valve disease
Give some non-motor manifestations of PD
Mood changes
Hallucinations
Sleep disorder
Hypotension
What class of drug is rasagiline? Name 4 side effects
Monoamine -oxidase B inhibitor
abdominal pain
arthralgia
postural hypotension
sleep disorder
What ddx should you consider for otitis media with effusion?
adenoidal enlargement
Give 4 sxs of otitis media with effusion besides pain and difficulty hearing
nasal obstruction
associated asthma / eczema
snoring
What specific features need to be seen on Dix-Hallpike to diagnose BPPV?
latency
torsional geotropic nystagmus
fatigue
Outline the investigations you would do for new vaginal discharge and what each one is looking for
High vaginal swab - BV and candidiasis
Endocervical swab - Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoea
Urinary PCR
What 3 components of triple assessment are performed at breast clinic?
clinical examination
imaging - USS / mammography
FNA cytology / core biopsy
Give 4 features that suggest poor prognosis of breast cancer
large primary tumour
poor differentiation
axillary lymph node spread
BRCA positive
What should prompt a referral for BRCA mutation screening?
relative with breast cancer < 50
male relative with breast cancer
What red flags would prompt a 2ww for upper GI endoscopy?
dysphagia
haematemesis
melaena
abdominal mass
upper epigastric pain
What type of anaemia is most likely to be seen in someone with gastric cancer
IDA due to chronic blood loss depleting iron stores
test ferritin
Give dietary advice for someone who has undergone a gastrectomy
small meals - reduces dumping syndrome
B12 injections - loss of IF
Calcium supplements
What associated conditions should you screen for in an eczema hx?
asthma
hayfever
urticaria
food allergy
What is lichenification? What does it suggest if a child with eczema has lichenification?
skin thickening/ hyperpigmentation
exaggerated skin lines
suggests eczema is chronic
Give some side effects of topical steroids
skin thinning
telangiectasia
excessive hair growth
folliculitis
give some alternatives to topical steroids that can control inflammation in eczema
topical immunomodulators
topcial calcineurin inhibitors
