EOY Exam Essential Vocab Revision - Physics Flashcards
Distance
The total length travelled
Displacement
The direct distance from start to end “as-the-crow-flies”, direction required
Speed
Distance/time, units required
Velocity
Displacement/Time, units and direction required
Instantaneous Speed
The exact speed given at any specific moment in time
Acceleration
Change in velocity/time taken. Suffix of units/timesquared. Describes the change in speed of an object. Can be negative or positive.
Decceleration
Also known as negative acceleration, slows down an object and value can only be positive.
Gradient
Rise/run
Different types of forces
- Frictional Force
- Magnetic Force
- Electrostatic Force
- Air resistance
- Weight Force (created by gravitational pull)
- Buoyancy
- Thrust
- Push
- Pull
Unit for forces in N (Newtons)
Resistance Forces
Forces that resist or go against the motion of an object
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Law of Inertia: An object at rest or constant speed in the same direction remains at rest or constant speed and constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalance outwards force.
Inertia
An object’s tendency to resist change
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
F = m x a (F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration). The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force applied.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Forces occur in pairs
Forms of Energy
- Sound
- Light
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Heat
- Elastic potential
- Gravitational potential
- Nuclear
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transferred or transformed
Energy Efficiency
Measure of how much energy ends up in the form you want (Formula: % = (useful energy/total energy) * 100)
Work
Transfer in energy that occurs when a froce moves an object in the direction of force. Work = Force x Distance
Measured in Joules, Distance measured in metres
Contact Force
When forces result due to two or more objects making contact with each other
Non-contact Force
Forces that are resulted even when two objects are not in contact with each other
Unbalanced Force
When a force applied in a direction is greater than the opposing force
Balanced Force
When the two opposing forces are equal
Net Force
Overall/Total force acting upon an object
SI Units
Standard International Units
* Length - meter (m)
* Time - second (s)
* Mass - kilogram (kg)
* Acceleration (m/s/s)
Magnitude
The size of a force
Earth’s acceleration
Caused by gravity
9.8m/ssquared
Momentum
A measure of an object’s movement
