EoY ((chapter 6: Robotics (not their applications), AI))

Question 1

robotics?

Answer 1

Robotics is a branch of computer science that brings together the design, construction, and operation of robots

Question 2

what are Asimov’s three laws of robotics?

Answer 2

1. a robot may not injure a human through action or inaction
2. a robot must obey orders given by humans, unless it comes into conflict with law 1
3. a robot must protect itself, unless this conflicts with law 1

Question 3

what are the characteristics of a robot?

Answer 3

• ability to sense there surroundings
• have a degree of movement
• programmable

Question 4

where are robots used?

Answer 4

1. industry
2. transport (airplanes, autonomous cars and trains)
3. agriculture (harvesting, seed-planting, labor services)
4. medicine (monitoring patients, prosthetic limbs, etc..)
5. domestically (vacuum cleaners, personal assistant, etc..)

Question 5

independent robots?

Answer 5

• have no direct human control (said to be autonomous)
• can replace the human activity totally (no human interaction is required for the robot to function)

Question 6

dependent robots?

Answer 6

• have a human who is interfering directly with the robot
• can supplement, but not replace humans

Question 7

advantages and disadvantages of robots in the industry

Answer 7

advantages:
- can work in hazardous environments
- can work 24/7
- less $$ in the long term
- more productive than human workers
- very consistent in repetitive tasks

disadvantages:
- can’t think logically
- can lead to higher unemployment
- initial set-up is very expensive

Question 8

AI?

Answer 8

• AI is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent human behavior by a computer
• baisically, AI is a collection of rules and data, and the ABILITY TO REASON, LEARN, and ADAPT to eternal stimuli

Question 9

three categories of AI?

Answer 9

• narrow AI
• general AI
• strong AI

Question 10

narrow AI?

Answer 10

this occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human when doing one specific task

Question 11

general AI?

Answer 11

this occurs when a machine is similar (but not superior) in its performance to a human being doing a specific task

Question 12

strong AI?

Answer 12

this occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human in many tasks

Question 13

applications of AI?

Answer 13

• smart home devices (Amazon Alexa, Siri, etc..)
• autonomous cars
• facial expression recognition
• expert systems
• machine learning

Question 14

what are expert systems?

Answer 14

expert systems are a form of AI that has been developed to mimic human knowledge and experiences

Question 15

applications of expert systems?

Answer 15

• oil + mineral prospecting
• diagnosing illnesses
• strategy games (ex. chess)
• logistics

Question 16

advantages and disadvantages of expert systems

Answer 16

advantages:
- high level of expertise
- high accuracy
- consistent results
- ability to store vast amounts of ideas and facts

disadvantages:
- needs considerable training
- set up + maintain costs lots of $$$
- only as good as the information in its system
- no emotion, gives very “cold” responses that won’t be appropriate in certain medial situations

Question 17

what is machine learning?

Answer 17

machine learning is a subset of AI in which algorithms are “trained” and learn from their past experiences and examples

• it can make predictions and make decisions based on previous scenarios
• they can offer fast and accurate outcomes due to their powerful processing capacity

Question 18

AI vs Machine Learning?

Answer 18

AI:
- represents stimulated intelligence in machines
- aim to build machos that are capable of thinking like humans

Machine Learning:
- practice of getting machines to make decisions without being programmed to do so
- aim = to make machines that learn through data acquisition, so they can solve new problems