EoY ((chapter 6: Robotics (not their applications), AI)) Flashcards
robotics?
Robotics is a branch of computer science that brings together the design, construction, and operation of robots
what are Asimov’s three laws of robotics?
- a robot may not injure a human through action or inaction
- a robot must obey orders given by humans, unless it comes into conflict with law 1
- a robot must protect itself, unless this conflicts with law 1
what are the characteristics of a robot?
- ability to sense there surroundings
- have a degree of movement
- programmable
where are robots used?
- industry
- transport (airplanes, autonomous cars and trains)
- agriculture (harvesting, seed-planting, labor services)
- medicine (monitoring patients, prosthetic limbs, etc..)
- domestically (vacuum cleaners, personal assistant, etc..)
independent robots?
- have no direct human control (said to be autonomous)
- can replace the human activity totally (no human interaction is required for the robot to function)
dependent robots?
- have a human who is interfering directly with the robot
- can supplement, but not replace humans
advantages and disadvantages of robots in the industry
advantages:
- can work in hazardous environments
- can work 24/7
- less $$ in the long term
- more productive than human workers
- very consistent in repetitive tasks
disadvantages:
- can’t think logically
- can lead to higher unemployment
- initial set-up is very expensive
AI?
- AI is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent human behavior by a computer
- baisically, AI is a collection of rules and data, and the ABILITY TO REASON, LEARN, and ADAPT to eternal stimuli
three categories of AI?
- narrow AI
- general AI
- strong AI
narrow AI?
this occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human when doing one specific task
general AI?
this occurs when a machine is similar (but not superior) in its performance to a human being doing a specific task
strong AI?
this occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human in many tasks
applications of AI?
- smart home devices (Amazon Alexa, Siri, etc..)
- autonomous cars
- facial expression recognition
- expert systems
- machine learning
what are expert systems?
expert systems are a form of AI that has been developed to mimic human knowledge and experiences
applications of expert systems?
- oil + mineral prospecting
- diagnosing illnesses
- strategy games (ex. chess)
- logistics
advantages and disadvantages of expert systems
advantages:
- high level of expertise
- high accuracy
- consistent results
- ability to store vast amounts of ideas and facts
disadvantages:
- needs considerable training
- set up + maintain costs lots of $$$
- only as good as the information in its system
- no emotion, gives very “cold” responses that won’t be appropriate in certain medial situations
what is machine learning?
machine learning is a subset of AI in which algorithms are “trained” and learn from their past experiences and examples
- it can make predictions and make decisions based on previous scenarios
- they can offer fast and accurate outcomes due to their powerful processing capacity
AI vs Machine Learning?
AI:
- represents stimulated intelligence in machines
- aim to build machos that are capable of thinking like humans
Machine Learning:
- practice of getting machines to make decisions without being programmed to do so
- aim = to make machines that learn through data acquisition, so they can solve new problems
