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1809 - Effective Nursing Practice > EOT Exam Prep > Flashcards

EOT Exam Prep Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Healthcare-Associated Infection.

A

An infection occurring in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or healthcare facility

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2
Q

What are the 6 Stages within the Chain of Infection?

A
  1. Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Host
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3
Q

List 3 Risk Factors for Infection.

A
  1. Decreased mobility
  2. Suppressed inflammatory response
  3. Decreased WBC
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4
Q

List the 4 Transmission Modes. And provide examples for all.

A
  1. Airbourne: Legionnaires’ Disease (Bacteria)
  2. Droplet: Common Cold (Virus)
  3. Contact (Direct/Indirect): Conjunctivitis
  4. Blood and other bodily fluids: Hep B
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5
Q

What are 4 Ways to express Respiratory Etiquette?

A
  1. Cover nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing
  2. Use tissues
  3. Dispose of tissues
  4. Use inner elbow
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6
Q

What are 5 types of PPE?

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gown
  5. Cytotoxic PPE
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7
Q

What are the Key Takeaways of ANTT?

A

Always decontaminate hands effectively
Never contaminate equipment of patients’ susceptible site
Touch non key parts of equipment
Take appropriate infection prevention and control precautions

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8
Q

Define Cultural Competence.

A

A concept that recognises that professional and legal responsibilities inherent in proving appropriate care to all patients

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9
Q

Define Cultural Safety.

A

Reflects effective nursing care of a person and/or family from another culture

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10
Q

What are questions you could be asking yourself pertaining to cultural inclusivity?

A
  1. When is touching appropriate?
  2. Is direct eye contact okay?
  3. What is the reason for a patient’s behaviour?
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11
Q

List 5 examples of ADLs.

A
  1. Eating
  2. Eliminating
  3. Personal hygiene
  4. Mobility
  5. Sleeping
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12
Q

What type of Oral Medication is fast acting? And which Oral Medication allows a slow release?

A

Sublingual and Buccal (respectively)

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13
Q

What are 4 things to consider when Administering Injections?

A
  1. Age
  2. Physical Build
  3. Pre-existing conditions
  4. Safest equipment
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14
Q

What are the 4 Processes of Wound Healing?

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Inflammatory
  3. Proliferative
  4. Remodelling
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15
Q

What are 6 Complications of Wound Healing?

A
  1. Dehiscence: partial or total separation of wound edges
  2. Haemorrhage
  3. Evisceration: surgical incision opens and organs protrude
  4. Hypertrophic scars
  5. Keloid scars
  6. Contractures
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16
Q

List 5 Factors that could affect Wound Healing?

A
  1. Age
  2. Obesity
  3. Smoking
  4. Exudate
  5. Nutrition
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17
Q

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Intention?

A

Primary: Sutures
Secondary: Epithelial cells and scar tissue

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18
Q

What are the 4 different types of Pain? Pertaining to duration and underlying mechanism.

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Nociceptive
  4. Neuropathic
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19
Q

What are Nociceptors?

A

Free nerve endings which have the capacity to distinguish between noxious and innocuous stimuli

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20
Q

What is Nociception?

A

The normal neural mechanism involved in the pain experience and involves four processes:
1. Transduction
2. Transmission
3. Perception
4. Modulation

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21
Q

Explain Transduction (pertaining to pain).

A

The trauma of noxious stimuli exposure causes the release of a number of neurotransmitters (prostaglandins, bradykinin, serotonin, substance P and histamine)

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22
Q

Explain Transmission (pertaining to pain).

A

*consists of 3 stages
1. transmission of the impulse along the nociceptor fibres to the level of spinal cord
2. the nociceptor fibres terminate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
3. the pain impulse is carried by a number of different ascending fibre tracts within the larger spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord

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23
Q

Explain Perception (pertaining to pain).

A

The person becomes consciously aware of the pain sensation

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24
Q

Explain Modulation (pertaining to pain).

A

The body’s ability to facilitate or inhibit pain impulses (afferent input)
The pathways involved in modulation are referred to as the descending pain system or efferent pathways

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25
Q

What is PQRST?

A

P = provoking factors
Q = quality of pain
R = radiation of pain
S = severity of pain
T = timing of pain

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26
Q

What is the FLACC Scale?

A

F = face
L = legs
A = activity
C = cry
C = consolability

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27
Q

List 4 Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain.

A
  1. Massage
  2. Cold and Heat
  3. Relaxation and Guided Imagery
  4. Distraction
28
Q

List 3 Pharmacological Interventions for Pain.

A
  1. Opioids
  2. Non-Opioids
  3. Local/Regional Anaesthesia
29
Q

Paracetamol is which type of analgesic?

A

Non-Opioid

30
Q

What does Ibuprofen need to be taken with?

A

Food

31
Q

What is a respiratory effect of Opioids?

A

Respiration Depression

32
Q

Define Grief.

A

The assortment of reactions that occur as a result of the loss experience

33
Q

Define Bereavement.

A

The objective state of having a experienced a loss

34
Q

What are the 3 types of Palliative Care? And what do they entail?

A
  1. Generalised: care provided when there is no likelihood of cure for the disease or condition
  2. Specialised: care provided by a specialist palliative team to assist with treating complex symptoms and ethical issues.
  3. End of Life: care provided during the final stage of life.
35
Q

List 3 physical changes that may occur at End of Life.

A
  1. Reduced food and fluid intake
  2. Incontinence
  3. LOC
36
Q

List 3 emotional changes that may occur at End of Life.

A
  1. Withdrawal
  2. Visions
  3. Confusion
37
Q

What are the 4 types of Loss? And what do they entail?

A
  1. Actual: loss of a loved thing or person
  2. Perceived: loss of dignity, modesty, prestige, esteem or confidence
  3. Maturational: loss felt from normal life transitions
  4. Situational: oss felt as a result of sudden, unpredicted events that have the capacity to unsettle or change normal life patterns
38
Q

Define Polyuria.

A

Voiding large amounts of urine

39
Q

Define Nocturia.

A

Urinating excessively at night

40
Q

Define Haematuria.

A

Blood in urine

41
Q

Define Dysuria.

A

Painful or difficulty urinating

42
Q

Define Oliguria.

A

Diminished urinary output

43
Q

List 3 Factors that influence urination.

A
  1. Medications
  2. Growth and development
  3. Fluid balance
44
Q

List 3 Interventions for Urinary Elimination.

A
  1. Pelvic floor exercises
  2. IDC
  3. Suprapubic catheter
45
Q

List 3 Factors the influence Bowel Elimination.

A
  1. Age
  2. Diet
  3. Fluid intake
46
Q

What are the 4 main groups of factors that affect Ventilation?

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Developmental
  3. Behavioural
  4. Environmental
47
Q

List 3 Physiological Factors that influence Ventilation.

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Chronic disease
48
Q

List 3 Developmental Factors that influence Ventilation.

A
  1. Young children have small air passages
  2. Older peoples’ body systems decline over time
  3. Premature infants are at risk of surfactant deficiency
49
Q

List 3 Behavioural Factors that influence Ventilation.

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Exercise
  3. Smoking
50
Q

List 2 Physiological Factors that influence Ventilation.

A
  1. Air pollution
  2. Pollutants
51
Q

Define Cyanosis.

A

Blue discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes

52
Q

Define Hypoventilation.

A

Alveolar ventilation that inadequate to meet the body’s oxygen demand

53
Q

Define Orthopnoea.

A

Difficulty breathing lying down

54
Q

Define Hypoxia.

A

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

55
Q

Define Hypercapnia.

A

Elevated levels of CO2 in the blood

56
Q

Define Dyspnoea and Apnoea.

A

Difficulty breathing
Absence of breathing

57
Q

List 5 Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia.

A
  1. Cyanosis
  2. Increased HR and BP
  3. Dizziness
  4. Clubbing
  5. Increased fatigue
58
Q

List 3 Diagnostic Tests for Respiratory Function.

A
  1. Chest X-Ray
  2. Bronchoscopy
  3. Lung Scan
  4. Pulmonary Function Tests
  5. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
59
Q

List 3 Diagnostic Tests for Cardiac Function.

A
  1. ECG
  2. Stress Tests
  3. Angiography
60
Q

Define Pneumothorax, Haemothorax and Empyema.

A

Collection of air in pleural space
Collection of blood and fluid in pleural space
Collection of infected fluid in pleural space

61
Q

How many L of oxygen can flow through Nasal Cannulas?

A

1-4 L
24%-36% Oxygen

62
Q

How many L of oxygen can flow through Simple Face Masks?

A

5-8 L
40%-50% Oxygen

63
Q

How many L of oxygen can flow through Partial Rebreather Masks?

A

7-15 L
65%-80% Oxygen

64
Q

When are Non-Rebreather Masks used?

A

Set to prevent collapse of reservoir
85%-100% Oxygen

65
Q

When are Venturi Masks used?

A

As indicated on device

66
Q

What are the 4 types of suctioning?

A
  1. Oropharyngeal
  2. Nasopharyngeal
  3. Orotracheal and Nasotracheal
  4. Tracheal suction

1809 - Effective Nursing Practice (9 decks)

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