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vet derm boards prep > Eosinophils > Flashcards

Eosinophils Flashcards

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1
Q

In which “normal” non-inflamed tissues are eosinophils normally found?

A

GI tract (lamina propria), lungs, adipose tissue, thymus, uterus, mammary glands

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2
Q

What is the most common non-neoplastic nodular skin disease in horses

A

Equine Eosinophilic Granuloma

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3
Q

Eosinophils are associated with what type of Hypersensitivity (e.g. I-IV)?

A

Type I Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Name 3 stains with an affinity for eosinophil granules.

A

Eosin, Giemsa, Luna

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5
Q

Which eosinophil granule protein is responsible for the creation of free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species)?

A

Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO)

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6
Q

Which two interleukins, associated with a Th2 response, enhance integrin formation on eosinophils?

A

IL-4 and IL-13

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7
Q

Which 3 leukotrienes are responsible for vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, and increased vascular permeability?

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

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8
Q

You see a kitty with a red, swollen, crusty alopecic nose. You do cytology looking for cryptococcus, but instead of fungal organisms you see a bunch of eosinophils. Diagnosis?

A

Feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity

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9
Q

One mechanism by which glucocorticoids lower eosinophil counts is death by __________.

A

apoptosis

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10
Q

Name the 4 pathways of eosinophil degranulation

A

Classical exocytosis, compound exocytosis, piecemeal degranulation, cytolysis

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11
Q

Which is more important for eosinophil activation in allergic disease, IgA or IgE?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which two cell types make up the “allergic-effector unit”?

A

Eosinophils and Mast Cells

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13
Q

What animals get Chediak-Higashi aside from Persian cats?

A

Aleutian mink, Hereford cattle, rats, mices, orcas, white tigers

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14
Q

Name a common location on the body to find eosinophilic plaques.

A

Ventral abdomen, thighs

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15
Q

Which IgA receptor is the most potent stimulant of eosinophil degranulation?

A

FCaR (CD89)

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16
Q

What breed is over-represented in Wells-like Syndrome?

A

Labrador Retrievers

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17
Q

Is wound healing accelerated or delayed by the presence of eosinophils and eosinophil granule proteins?

A

Delayed

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18
Q

Which are the three most prevalent cytokine receptors on the surface of eosinophils?

A

IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF

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19
Q

What does NAACP stand for (with regards to feline hypereosinophilic syndrome)?

A

Neoplasia, Allergy, Asthma, Churg-Strauss/Connective tissue dz, Parasitism

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20
Q

Which growth factor, produced and secreted by eosinophils, promotes mast cell activation and survival?

A

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)

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21
Q

Name the 3 presentations of eosinophilic granuloma complex

A

eosinophilic/rodent ulcer, eosinophilic plaques, eosinophilic/linear granuloma

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22
Q

Which granulocyte-monocyte precursor is most important for eosinophil lineage specification?

A

GATA-1

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23
Q

What is a hallmark histopath finding for equine eosinophilic granuloma?

A

Collagen flame figures

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24
Q

Which breeds of dogs lack visible granules in their eosinophils (and have vacuoles)?

A

Greyhounds, sight hounds, +/- golden retrievers

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25
Q

Name the 3 “matrix” (electron lucent) eosinophil granule proteins

A

Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP), Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO), Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)

26
Q

What is a prominent histopath finding for Wells-like syndrome aside from the presence of eosinophils?

A

Marked dermal edema and vascular dilation (perivascular pattern not a very specific finding)

27
Q

Which chemokine on eosinophils binds to eotaxin (also known as CCL11)?

A

CCL3

28
Q

What is a common suspected cause of Sterile Pustular Erythroderma of Miniature Schnauzers?

A

Shampoo reaction, often insecticidal shampoo

29
Q

What is the number of “hypodense” eosinophils predictive of?

A

Severity of allergic disease

30
Q

Which pathway of eosinophil degranulation makes use of eosinophil sombrero vesicles?

A

piecemeal degranulation

31
Q

What is the most common cause of canine eosinophilic furunculosis?

A

Insect/arthropod bite/sting

32
Q

What does Equine MEED stand for?

A

Multi-systemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease

33
Q

Which eosinophil granule protein is responsible for the intense acidophilia of eosinophil granules?

A

Major Basic Protein (MBP)

34
Q

What class of drugs, which cause apoptosis of eosinophils, is almost universally helpful in treating eosinophilic diseases?

A

glucocorticoids

35
Q

What breed is predisposed to canine eosinophilic granuloma? Name a common location for granulomas to develop

A

Husky, CKCS; mouth (skin gets you less points)

36
Q

Which species’ eosinophils have the largest granules?

A

Equine

37
Q

During rolling, eosinophils bind to ______, and then during firm adhesion, they additionally bind to ______. (classes of adhesion molecules)

A

selectins; integrins

38
Q

Which eosinophil granule protein has an affinity for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

A

Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP)

39
Q

Why can eosinophils release cytokines more rapidly than B cells or T cells?

A

They store cytokines preformed within the cell

40
Q

Which pathway of eosinophil degranulation makes use of SNARE complexes?

A

Classical (regulated) exocytosis

41
Q

Which immunoglobulin (IgG) receptor is most highly expressed on eosinophils?

A

FCyRII (CD32)

42
Q

What is the target of the monoclonal antibody mepolizumab? (human drug)

A

IL-5

43
Q

Which interleukin is responsible for development and activation of eosinophils, specifically?

A

IL-5 *IL-3 and GM-CSF not specific to eosinophils

44
Q

Which eosinophil granule protein has the strongest antiviral properties?

A

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)

45
Q

In what species do eosinophils predominate in the cytology of an atopic animal?

A

Horses

46
Q

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with eosinophils? CAFR, EGC, F&F, Sweets Syndrome, Wells Syndrome?

A

Sweets Syndrome

47
Q

Which immunoglobulin receptors are important for adhesion of leukocytes to one another and to vessel walls?

A

ICAM-1 (CD54) and ICAM-3 (CD50)

48
Q

Feline eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis is often a feature of what kind of hypersensitivity?

A

food (CAFR)

49
Q

Persian cats with blue smoke hair and yellow eyes are poster children for what disease?

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

50
Q

What is the only leukotriene produced intracellularly by eosinophils?

A

LTC4

51
Q

What breed of horses is predisposed to unilateral papular dermatosis? Are papules pruritic?

A

Quarter horses; no

52
Q

Name at least two disease processes with eosinophilic involvement that aren’t allergic or parasitic in nature

A

pemphigus, mastocytic tumors, Wells syndrome, furunculosis (often secondary to allergies or parasites)

53
Q

Which chemokine is also known as RANTES?

A

CCL5

54
Q

In addition to skin biopsy, where else would you biopsy a horse to try to diagnose MEED?

A

Rectum, lymph nodes, liver

55
Q

Which species’ eosinophils have rod-shaped granules?

A

Feline

56
Q

Eosinophilic granules are ______, which makes them bind well to eosin, which is _______. (hint: pH)

A

basic; acidic

57
Q

Which Interleukin, important for eosinophil activation, is blocked by calcineurin inhibitors?

A

IL-5 (also GM-CSF)

58
Q

Eosinophils make up what percent of leukocytes in circulation?

A

6%

59
Q

During which phase of the estrus cycle are eosinophils found in the uterus in greatest numbers?

A

Estrus

60
Q

Name the 3 kinds of granulocytes.

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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