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Women's Health Rotation > EOR pharm part 1 > Flashcards

EOR pharm part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dosage forms of promethazine

A

Tab (12.5, 25, 50)
Syrup 6.25/5mL
Suppositories 12.5 mg, 25, 50
Injection 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL

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2
Q

Average daily dosages of promethazine

A

12.5-25 mg PO BID to q4-6 hrs PRN

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3
Q

Common indications for promethazine

A

Nausea
Motion sickness
Cough

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4
Q

MOA of promethazine

A

Competitively inhibits histamine at the H1 receptor sites, causing spasmolytic and decongestant effects

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5
Q

Common adverse effects of promethazine

A 
Drowsiness
Rash
Nausea
Vomiting
Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Dizziness
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6
Q

BBW of promethazine

A

Do not use in patients younger than 2 years of age – potential for fatal respiratory depression; injection: tissue irritation and damage due to perivascular extravasation

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7
Q

Clinically significant drug interactions of promethazine

A

Anticholinergics may decrease effects
CNS depression with EtOH or other CNS depressants
Use with metrizamide may decrease seizure threshold
Barbiturate may decrease actions

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8
Q

Major counseling points of promethazine

A

May be taken with food or milk if GI upset occurs
May cause drowsiness
Avoid EtOH while taking this medication
Store in a cool dry place…
If dose is missed, skip it and return to nl dosing schedule- do not double doses
Drink plenty of water

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9
Q

Monitoring parameters of promethazine

A

Decrease in N/V

Decreased cough

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10
Q

Dosage forms of alendronate

A

Tablets: 5, 10, 35, 40, 70 mg Oral Solution: 70 mg/75 mL Fosamax plus Vitamin D tablets: 70/2800 IU, 70/5600 IU

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11
Q

Average daily dosages of alendronate

A

10-70 mg/day

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12
Q

Common indications for alendronate

A

Osteoporosis
Secondary osteoporosis due to glucocorticoids
Pagets disease

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13
Q

MOA of alendronate

A

Inhibits bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors; decreases the rate of bone resorption, leading to an indirect increase in bone mineral density

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14
Q

Common adverse effects of alendronate

A 
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Vomiting
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15
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments of alendronate

A

Renal: CrCl <35: use not recommended

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16
Q

Clinically significant drug interactions of alendronate

A

Antacids must be given 30 minutes after taking alendronate or its serum concentration decreases

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17
Q

Major counseling point of alendronate

A

Administer first thing in the morning and ≥30 minutes before the first food, beverage (except plain water), or other medication(s) of the day.
Do not take with mineral water or with other beverages.
Patients should be instructed to stay upright (not to lie down) for at least 30 minutes and until after first food of the day (to reduce esophageal irritation),
Tablets and oral solution must be taken with a minimum of 6 ounces of plain water,
Do not crush or chew tablet.

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18
Q

Monitoring parameters of alendronate

A

Increase in bone density

Serum calcium/phosphorous

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19
Q

Dosage forms of allopurinol

A

Tablets (100mg, 300mg), Injectable solution (500mg in 30mL single dose vial)

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20
Q

Average daily dosages of allopurinol

A

200mg-300mg daily in mild gout,

400mg-600mg daily in moderate to severe gout, Max dose: 800mg/day

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21
Q

Common indications for allopurinol

A

Gout
Recurrent calcium oxalate stones
Prevention of uric acid nephropathy associated with chemo

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22
Q

MOA of allopurinol

A

Competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase preventing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid

23
Q

Common adverse effects of allopurinol

A

Rash
Drowsiness
Abdominal pain
N/V/D

24
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments for allopurinol

A

Renal- CrCl 10-20: 200 mg/day
CrCl 3-10: 100 mg/day
CrCl <3: 100 mg/48 hrs

25
Q

Clinically significant drug interactions of allopurinol

A

Increases the effects and toxicity of mercaptopurine and azathioprine

26
Q

Major counseling points of allopurinol

A

May take 1-2 wks to reach maximum effectiveness
Avoid EtOH while taking this med
Take with lots of fluids

27
Q

Monitoring parameters of allopurinol

A

Decrease in serum acid levels
Frequency of gouty attacks
Pain relief

28
Q

Dosage forms of enalapril

A

Injectable solution
PO tab
Powder for oral solution

29
Q

Average daily doses of enalapril

A

Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction: Oral: 2.5 mg twice daily
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): 10 to 20 mg twice daily Hypertension: 10 to 40 mg daily

30
Q

Common indications for enalapril

A

Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
Heart failure
Hypertension

31
Q

MOA of enalapril

A

ACEI

32
Q

Common adverse effects of enalapril

A 
Cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Hypotension
Dizziness
Acute renal insufficiency
33
Q

Renal or hepatic dosage adjustments for enalapril

A

Renal CrCl<30: initiate at 2.5 mg/day, max dose 40mg/day

34
Q

BBW for enalapril

A

Fetal toxicity

35
Q

Drug interactions with enalapril

A

Aliskiren

36
Q

Major counseling points for enalapril

A

Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium.
Report any sign of angioedema
If planning on becoming pregnant immediately inform your physician
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible.
If it is closer to the time of your next dose than the dose you missed, skip the missed dose and return to your dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

37
Q

Monitoring of enalapril

A

Decrease in BP
Decrease in S/sx of heart failure
Potassium
SCr

38
Q

Dosage forms of ondansetron

A 
Injectable solution
Tablet
Oral suspension
Oral soluble film
ODT
OD
39
Q

Average daily dosages of ondansetron

A

4 mg-8 mg PO up to TID

40
Q

Common indications for ondansetron

A

Chemo/radiation

Postoperative N/V

41
Q

MOA of ondansetron

A

Selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, blocking serotonin, both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

42
Q

Common adverse effects of ondansetron

A 
HA
Lightheadedness
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Tiredness
Constipation
43
Q

Clinically significant drug interactions of ondansetron

A

Apomorphine

Dronedarone

44
Q

Major counseling points of ondansetron

A

Headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, or constipation may occur.
If these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor promptly.
To minimize dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position
Take 30 min prior to chemotherapy or anesthesia.

45
Q

Monitoring parameters of ondansetron

A

Decrease in N/V

46
Q

Dosage forms of valacyclovir

A

500 mg, 1000? mg

47
Q

Average daily dosages of valacyclovir

A

1g 2-3 times a day

48
Q

Common indications of valacyclovir

A

Herpes

HIV

49
Q

MOA of valacyclovir

A

Valacyclovir is rapidly and nearly completely converted to acyclovir by intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Acyclovir is converted to acyclovir monophosphate by virus-specific thymidine kinase then further converted to acyclovir triphosphate by other cellular enzymes. Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA.

50
Q

Common adverse effects of acyclovir

A

Nausea
Vomiting
HA
Abd pain

51
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments for valacyclovir

A

Renal- dose adjustment based upon recommended dose

52
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with valacyclovir

A

Probenecid

53
Q

Major counseling points for valacyclovir

A

Avoid sex while herpes sores are present. Use protective measures when engaging in sexual activities (male/ female condom)
Drug does not prevent transmission.
Drink plenty of fluids

54
Q

Monitoring parameters of valacyclovir

A

Decrease in S/sx of herpes/HIV

Women's Health Rotation (15 decks)

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