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Emergency Med rotation > EOR #7 pharm part 1 > Flashcards

EOR #7 pharm part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Common indications of mirtazapine

A

Major depressive d/o

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2
Q

MOA of mirtazapine

A

Increases release of serotonin and NE and potent antagonism of 5HT2 and 5HT3 serotonin receptors

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3
Q

Common adverse effects of mirtazapine

A 
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Increased appetite
Constipation
Wt gain
Dizziness
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4
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments for mirtazapine

A

May need an increased dose in renal impairment

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5
Q

BBW for mirtazapine

A

Increased suicidal thinking and behavior, especially in children and young adults

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6
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with mirtazapine

A

MAO inhibitors

May increase risk of upper GI bleed with ASA or NSAIDs

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7
Q

Major counseling points of mirtazapine

A

Pay close attention and report sudden changes in mood, behavior, thought or feelings
May cause drowsiness
It takes 2 weeks before full effects are seen
Do not abruptly d/c this med

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8
Q

Monitoring parameters of mirtazapine

A

Improvement of s/sx of depression
Unusual changes in behavior
Suicidality

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9
Q

Common indications of Pen VK

A

Various infections

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10
Q

MOA of Pen VK

A

Inhibits cell wall mucopeptide biosynthesis

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11
Q

Common AEs of Pen VK

A

Black tongue
Diarrhea
Vomiting

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12
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments for Pen VK

A

Consider dose adjustments with either renal or liver failure

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13
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with Pen VK

A

May result in an increased INR when taken by a warfarin pt

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14
Q

Major counseling points of Pen VK

A

Take till empty

May affect the effectiveness of contraceptives

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15
Q

Monitoring parameters of Pen VK

A

Improvement in s/sx of infection, wbc

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16
Q

Common indications of Macrobid

A

UTI

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17
Q

MOA of Macrobid

A

inactivates bacterial ribosomal proteins and other large molecules resulting in inhibition of vital biochemical processes such as protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and cell wall synthesis

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18
Q

Common AEs of Macrobid

A

Nausea
HAs
Hemolytic anemia

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19
Q

Renal or dosage adjustments of Macrobid

A

Renal- CrCl <60: use is contraindicated

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20
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with Macrobid

A

Hepatic and pulmonary toxicity can result from concurrent use with fluconazole

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21
Q

Major counseling points of Macrobid

A

May cause brown colored urine

Take this med with food

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22
Q

Monitoring parameters of Macrobid

A

Improvement in s/sx of infection, wbc

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23
Q

Common indications of donepezil

A

Alzheimers

24
Q

MOA of donepezil

A

reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits centrally-active acetylcholinesterase, results in increased concentrations of acetylcholine available for synaptic transmission in the central nervous system

25
Q

Common AEs of donepezil

A 
Insomnia
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
26
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions with donepezil

A

The metabolism of Aricept may be increased by phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rifampin, dexamethasone, or decreased by ketoconazole

27
Q

Major counseling points of donepezil

A

23 mg tablet should not be broken or crushed
ODT should not be swallowed whole
Take in the evening before bed

28
Q

Monitoring parameters of donepezil

A

Decreased or maintenances of s/sx of Alzheimers
Wt loss
Constipation

29
Q

Common indications of famotidine

A

GERD

Ulcer

30
Q

MOA of famotidine

A

Inhibits both the concentration and volume of gastric secretion

31
Q

Common AEs of famotidine

A

Constipation
Diarrhea
Dizziness
HA

32
Q

Renal or hepatic dose adjustments for famotidine

A

Renal CrCl 30-60: give 50% of recommended dose

CrCl <30: give 25% of recommended dose

33
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions of famotidine

A

Can potentially lead to QT prolongation when taken along with escitalopram

34
Q

Major counseling points of famotidine

A

Take this medication at bedtime

May take it with antacids if needed

35
Q

Monitoring parameters of famotidine

A

Decrease in s/sx of GERD/peptic ulcers

Decreased GI sx

36
Q

Common indications of ezetimibe

A

HLD

37
Q

MOA of ezetimibe

A

Inhibits the uptake of cholesterol by the small intestine

38
Q

Common AEs of ezetimibe

A

Diarrhea
Myalgia
Respiratory infection

39
Q

Clinically significant drug interactions of ezetimibe

A

Use with gemfibrozil could lead to cholelithiasis

40
Q

Major counseling points of ezetimibe

A

May cause muscle pain similar to that of statins

Take at least 2 hrs before or 4 hrs after a bile acid sequestrant

41
Q

Monitoring parameters of ezetimibe

A

Cholesterol levels
Algias
Myalgias

42
Q

Common indications of glipizide

A

Type 2 diabetes

43
Q

MOA of glipizide

A

Stimulates insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells Reduces glucose output from the liver
Insulin sensitivity is increased at peripheral target sites

44
Q

Common adverse effects of glipizide

A

Dizziness
Diarrhea
Mild hypoglycemia
Flatulence

45
Q

Renal or hepatic adjustments of glipizide

A

Hepatic- initiate at 2.4 mg titrate from there

46
Q

Clinically sig drug interactions of glipizide

A

Fluconazole: may increase the serum concentration of sulfonylureas
GLP-1 antagonist: may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas- consider glipizide dose reduction

47
Q

Major counseling points of glipizide

A 
Take 30 mins before a meal
ER tabs given with breakfast
Maintain compliance while taking this medication
Avoid excessive alcohol
Could potentially cause hypoglycemia
48
Q

Monitoring parameters of glipizide

A

Decrease in blood glucose/A1c

S/sx of hypoglycemia

49
Q

Common indications of glyburide

A

Adjunct to diet in tx of type II DM

50
Q

MOA of glyburide

A

Stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta cells

51
Q

Common AEs of glyburide

A

Dicumerol, chloramphenicol, alcohol, MAOIs, phenylbutazones, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, and sulfonamides may increase effects
Diazoxide, rifampin, and thiazide diuretics may decrease effects

52
Q

Major counseling points of glyburide

A

Store in a cool dry place away from kids and sunlight
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible, if it is closer to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to normal dosing schedule – do not double doses
Take with breakfast or the first main meal
Compliance is necessary for optimal effect
Follow prescribed diet only
Avoid excess use of alcohol
Be aware of signs of hypoglycemia – sweating, tremor, blurred vision, weakness, hunger and confusion – and have oral glucose available to resolve this side effect.

53
Q

Monitoring parameters of glyburide

A

Decrease in blood glucose/A1c

S/sx of hypoglycemia

54
Q

Common indications of clobetasol

A

Psoriasis

55
Q

MOA of clobetasol

A

Stimulates phospholipase A(2) inhibitory proteins and subsequently blocks the release of arachidonic acid, which is a common precursor to leukotrienes and prostaglandins

56
Q

Common AEs of clobetasol

A

Eczema
Burning sensation
Pruritis

57
Q

Major counseling points of clobetasol

A

Decrease in s/sx of psoriasis
Redness
Skin irritation
Decrease in inflammation

Emergency Med rotation (12 decks)

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