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GI/Endo/Repro > EOB > Flashcards

EOB Flashcards

1
Q

Cimetidine

-dine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

Decrease parietal cell H+ secretion

Use for peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

CYP450 inhibitor, anti androgenic, cross to brain and placenta, decrease creatinine secretion

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2
Q

Omeprazole

-prazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

Inhibit H/K ATPase

C. Diff risk, pneumonia, decrease Mg long term

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3
Q

Bismuth/sucralfate

A

Bind ulcer base providing physical protection

Allowing HCO3- secretion

Ulcers, travelers diarrhea

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4
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog

Increase mucus secretion, decrease acid production

Block NSAID peptic ulcer

Diarrhea. BAD FOR PREGNANCY

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5
Q

Ocreotide

A

Somatostatin analog

Inhibit vasoconstrictive hormones, decrease acid secretion

Nausea, cramps, acromegaly (inhibit GH)

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6
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid - hypoK

Constipation + low phosphate

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7
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid - hypoK

Hypercalcemia

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8
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid - hypoK

Diarrhea, hypotension, cardiac arrest

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9
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A

Lactulose, MgOH

Draw water into lumen

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10
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Sulfapyridine + 5ASA

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s

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11
Q

Ondansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist, decrease vagal stimulation

Central antiemetic

Control vomiting in cancer chemo patients

QT PROLONGATION

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12
Q

Metoclopramide

A

1st line prokinetic, D2 receptor antagonist

Increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone

Tardive dyskinesia, fatigue depression

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13
Q

Orlistat

A

Inhibit gastric/pancreatic lipase

Less breakdown of fats

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14
Q

Rapid actin insulin

A

Aspart, Glulisine, Lispro

Bind insulin receptor

Glycogen storage, glucose uptake, TG formation

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15
Q

Intermediate insulin

A

NPH

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16
Q

Long acting insulin

A

Glargine, Detemir

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17
Q

Metformin

A

Increase AMPK activity

Glu uptake, decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis

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18
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Close beta cell K channel –> depolarize –> Ca channel open and Ca influx –> Insulin release

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19
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Increase insulin sensitivity via PPAR

20
Q

GLP 1 analog

A

Increase insulin, decrease glucagon

21
Q

DPP4 inhibitor

A

Prevent degradation of incretins (GLP1/GIP)

22
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH agonist –> Block of HPG axis

Prostate cancer, precocious puberty,

23
Q

Estrogens, Ethinyl

A

Bind estrogen receptors

Use in hypogonadism, ovarian failure, abnormal menstruation, PM treatment

Risk endometrial cancer

BAD FOR ER+ BREAST CANCER, DUH

24
Q

Clomiphene

A

Partial agonist estrogen receptor = antagonist

Induce HPG axis activation and estrogen relsease to induce ovulation

Infertility treatment

Risk of multiple births

25
Q

Tamoxifen

A

E antagonist in breast (good for breast cancer treatment), agonist at bone

26
Q

Raloxifine

A

Antagonist at breast, uterus

Agonist at bone

27
Q

Anastrozole/exemestane

A

Aromatase blocker for PM women with ER+ breast cancer

28
Q

Progestins

A

Bind Progestin receptors

Prevent growth, increase vascularization of endometrium

Contraceptive, endometrial cancer

29
Q

Mifipristone

A

Progesterone receptor antagonist

Termination of pregnancy

30
Q

Finasteride

A

5a reductase inhibitor

Prevent DHT synthesis

Treat BPH

31
Q

Flutamide

A

Competitive inhibitor of androgen receptors

Prostate cancer

32
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Inhibit steroid synthesis

17/20 desmo inhibitor

33
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist used for BPH

Selectively targets bladder smooth muscle

34
Q

Sildenafil/vardenafil/tadalafil

A

5PDE inhibitors

Prevent cGMP –> GTP conversion

Erectile dysfunction

35
Q

Bugs causing bloody diarrhea

A

Campylobacter

Salmonella

Shigella

EHEC

Yersinia

C Diff

Entamoeba histolytica

36
Q

Bugs causing watery diarrhea

A

ETEC

Cholera

C perfringes

Noro/rota/adenovirus

37
Q

C diff

A

Common after antibiotic use

Toxin A (bind brush border) and B (cytotoxin)

Metronidazole, vancomycin

38
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

G- diplococci

Antigenic variation

PID

Ceftriaxone+azithromycin

39
Q

EHEC

A

Shiga toxin producing EColi

Dysentery

Can cause HUS - endothelial damage

40
Q

Campylobacter

A

Bloody diarrhea commonly in children

Infected animals

Comma/S shaped

Guillain Barre syndrome

41
Q

Shigella

A

Shiga toxin

Bloody diarrhea

42
Q

Yersinia

A

Pet feces

Diarrhea, pseudoappendicitis

43
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Bloody diarrhea and liver abscess, RUQ pain

Cysts in water

Metronidazole

44
Q

Giardia

A

Farting, foul smelling fatty diarrhea

Cysts in water

Tear drop shape

Metronidazole

45
Q

MEN 1

A

Pancreas
Pituitary
Parathyroid

46
Q

MEN2A

A

Pheochromocytoma

Parathyroid

47
Q

MEN2B

A

Pheochromocytoma

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

GI/Endo/Repro (8 decks)

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