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ISTAR foundation > EO > Flashcards

EO Flashcards

1
Q

What aircraft use EO?

A

Defender

P8

Reaper

Shadow

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2
Q

What does the IR spectrum break into?

A

Far far IR

Far IR

Middle IR

Near IR

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3
Q

What is included in the visible spectrum?

A

Visible light

Tv and NVG

Lasers

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4
Q

0 Kelvin = ?

A

0 Kelvin = -273 Deg

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5
Q

What affects EO performance?

A

Sun - rise/set

Visibility

Precipitation

Clouds

Fog

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6
Q

What affects IR performance?

A

Sun - camera damage, thermal scarring

Visibility

Precipitation - causes attenuation BUT can be a positive (makes hotter stand out more due to colder background)

Clouds

Fog

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7
Q

What is an objects emissivity value?

A

It is 1/ reflectivity

It is a value of an object/materials opaqueness or how it will show on IR cameras.

E.G: a true black body = 1 (highest emissivity)
Polished aluminium = 0.05 (low value)

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8
Q

What determines how much IR radiation a body gives off?

A

Amount of heat energy

material (emissivity)

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9
Q

What is IR phenomena?

A

+- 1 hour before and after sunrise and sunset is thermal cross over

During this time, most objects give off a similar IR reading causing all objects to appear the same.

This makes it hard to distinguish between objects

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10
Q

What is the issue with IR phenomena and how do we try to counter it?

A

It is hard to distinguish between objects

Changing between white hot and black hot can help

Or changing to the EO camera to see if the image is better

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11
Q

What are the parts/elements to an EO/IR system?

A

Gimbal

Turret

Master control unit

Controls

Display

Recorder

Downlink

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12
Q

What is the use of the gimbal in an EO/IR system?

A

Gimbal stabilises, steers and points the camera

360 deg in azimuth

Limited in elevation due to camera housing and NADIR

Housing or stows the camera

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13
Q

What is NADIR?

A

A wobble/shake that occurs when the gimbal stows a camera too far downwards.

It is the cause of lower limit of elevation

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14
Q

What is the use of the turret in an EO/IR system?

A

Turret contains the sensors and cameras

These include:
IR camera
EO wide camera
EO narrow camera

Laser target marker
Laser range designation

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15
Q

Describe where LTM and IR, narrow and wide cameras are on a turret.

A

IR is the opaque sensor

EO wide is the smaller lens

EO narrow is the largest lens

Laser target marker is the smallest lens

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16
Q

What is a LTM

A

Laser target marker

Laser that illuminates or sparkles areas/targets

Seen with NVG

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17
Q

What is NVG?

A

Night vision goggles

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18
Q

What is a LRD?

A

Laser range designator

Precision targeting for weapons guidance

Laser with particular PRF that guided missiles onto targets

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19
Q

What is LRF?

A

Laser range finder

Info on target range and elevation

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of IR turrets?

A

Thermal imaging sensor

Shades of grey display

White/black hot selection

Non-linear zoom

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of EO turrets?

A

Daytime TV camera

Narrow or wide

Linear or non-linear

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22
Q

What is the master control unit?

A

MCU controls, manipulates and processes data from sensor payload

Interfaces with other aircraft systems (GPS)
And
the operator control unit

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23
Q

What is the operator control unit?

A

Controls the turret (except steering)

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24
Q

What does a joystick do ?

A

Controls the steering

25
Q

What are the types of display?

A

Master monitor -

shows the video in command,
Operator selectable overlays

Repeater screens -

Displays a repeat of the master monitor

26
Q

What are the recorders?

A

Built into the MCU

Can be separate recorders you have to press record on

27
Q

What is downlink?

A

Videos that are encrypted and sent to ground stations

This increases SA for:

CAOC/tasking authority
Ground commander
SU authority

28
Q

What are the positives to downlink?

A

Increases SA for other assets:
CAPC
Ground commander
SU authority

29
Q

What is the ISR process?

A

Supports operations and other assets

30
Q

What is the ISR process and it’s elements?

A 
Who - is asking the question 
What - is the task 
When - is the info required 
Where - to collect 
Why - is the info required
31
Q

What is the intelligence cycle?

A

Direction

Collection

Processing

Dissemination

Review

32
Q

Who initially does analysis of PED and who does further analysis?

A

Initial: sensor operator and crew

Further: an off board agency that feedsback into the intelligence cycle

33
Q

What is PED

A

Product exploitation dissemination

34
Q

How can EO/IR platforms be employed

A

Pattern of life

Hello landing sites

Close air support

Counter IED

Raid support

Target ident and positive ID

Convoy support

Joint personnel recovery

CDE/BDA

35
Q

New target info requires info about…

A

Personnel activities

Target disposition (size, numbers, locations …)

Approach routes, hazards, entries, exits

36
Q

What is PID?

A

A trained individual who positively IDs targets

If sight is lost, PID must be regained

37
Q

What is pattern of life?

A

Builds a picture of the ‘normal’ so the abnormal stands out

Looks at routes, worship times, cooking times, bed times, market times, child activities

38
Q

What are the key points of convoy support/route recce?

A

Done pre, during and post route

Remain ahead of the convoy

Ident possible hazards

Ensure there is a no comms backup procedure

39
Q

What is counter IED?

A

Looking for signs of IEDs

Uses POL, convert, persistent and operates in peak times to catch planting of IEDs

Looks for visual markers in the earth

40
Q

What to look for in Helicopter landing sites

A

Flat, ambush points

Aware of spotter/sniper positions

Close to end location w/o LOS

41
Q

What is Joint personnel recovery ?

A

The locating and finding of personnel

Look and scan for lost friendlies/targets

42
Q

What are used with CAS

A

Close air support usually uses LTM or LRD

43
Q

Types of BDA?

A

Physical damage - damage but can be fixed

Functional damage - take out it’s main functionality

Target system

44
Q

Levels of ISR?

A

Strategic

Tactical

Operational

45
Q

What’s the difference between ISR and ISTAR?

A

ISR doesn’t have the target acquisition element

46
Q

What do we use to help us remember what to do in a basic search?

A

GODBEE

47
Q

What does GODBEE mean?

A

Used for a basic search

Get the info 
Orientate 
Discuss 
Brief 
Execute
Evaluate
48
Q

How do we get information (into the aircraft)?

A

Comes form CAOC

ATO/RSTA

J2 - joint intelligence

8-liner

JTAC (AO update)

Aircraft handover

49
Q

What is an ATO and a RSTA?

A

Air tasking order

Reconnaissance surveillance target acquisition - comes with an ATO

50
Q

What is CLEWS?

A 
Cover 
Line of site
Escape routes 
Weapons 
Spotters

This is what we look for on searches and helps us think like the enemy

51
Q

What do we look for when searching for IEDs?

A

IRCAGE

IR employment 
Choke points/channeling 
Aiming markers 
Ground disturbance 
Environmental factors (kids not playing out..)
52
Q

What’s the difference between ISTAR and ISR?

A

ISTAR is tactical

ISR is strategic and operational

53
Q

What are the two types of control for RPAS?

A

Launch recover element - getting RPAS airborne

Mission control element - control during the operation

54
Q

What is CAOC?

A

Combined air operations centre

55
Q

What is NDISR?

A

Non-disruptive ISR

56
Q

What aircraft are under NDISR?

A

F-35

Typhoon

57
Q

Differences and similarities between RPAS and PASS?

A

Unmanned

Lack of SA due to not feeling aircraft responses

2 second input delay

Weapons still on reaper

Emergency drills are the same as PASS

58
Q

How are RPAS controlled?

A

Mission control element:
Ground control section(GCS)
And
Ops control (Creech and waddington)

Fibre optics link to a ground satellite (FSST)

space satellite (Ku satellite)

Aircraft (RPAS)

Ops centre distribute aswell

Launch/recovery element:
Radio (LOS)

ISTAR foundation (7 decks)

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