Enzymes N5 U1 P4

Question 1

What are enzymes and what is their purpose

Answer 1

Enzymes act as biological catalysts
They are made by living cells
Speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process

Question 2

Enzyme active site

Answer 2

Shape of active site are determined by DNA bases determines the order of amino acids which determines protein particular shape
Shape of an active site of an enzyme is complementary to its specific substrate

Question 3

Enzyme reactions

Answer 3

Examples are synthesis and degradation reactions
Substrate- start of reaction
Product- end of reaction
Enzyme speeds up the reaction, helps change substrate to product

Question 4

Degradation reaction steps

Answer 4

Large substrate is broken down to several smaller products
1)Enzyme+ substrate entering active site
2)Enzyme/ substrate complex
3)Enzyme/ products complex
4)Enzyme+ products leaving active site

Question 5

Degradation reaction examples

Answer 5

Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide —————> water + oxygen

       Amylase  Starch————> maltose

Question 6

Synthesis reaction steps

Answer 6

Several smaller substrates build up to form a larger product
1)Enzyme+ substrate
2)Enzyme- substrate complex
3)Enzyme + product

Question 7

Synthesis reaction examples

Answer 7

Phosphorylase
Glucose-1-phosphate——————> starch

Question 8

Effect of pH on enzymes

Answer 8

Enzymes and other proteins are effected by pH
Each enzyme is most active its optimum conditions
High pH or low pH enzyme is not ale to catalyse the reaction
Denatured with high or low pH- active site changed, damaged
Active site change, substrate no longer fits, no reaction will take place

Question 9

Effect of temperature on enzymes

Answer 9

Eyes and other proteins can be affected by temperature
Most active in optimum conditions
Denatured at high temperatures , changes active site
Substrate no longer fits
Reaction no longer take place