DNA And Production Of Protiens N5 U1 P3 Flashcards
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus of cells
Functions of DNA
Carries genetic information
What is DNA organised as
Organised as chromosomes
Chromosomes definition
Chromosomes are long sequences of DNA
What is a gene
A gene is a section of DNA which codes for protein
DNA definition
DNA is a double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs
Base pair rule
Four bases:
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine always pairs with thymine
Cytosine always pairs with guanine
Making protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where the protien is assembled from amino aids
How is the instructions of the protien made
DNA base sequence determines the mRNA base sequence
mRNA base sequence determines order of amino acids making up the protien
Protein shape
Protein shape is determined by the order of amino acids
Must be the correct shape to carry out its function correctly
Protein functions-structural
Structural protein provides structure and support for cell
Allows the body to move
Helps organise the complex process of cell division
Protein function- hormones
Act as chemical messengers
Transmit signals in the blood to coordinate biological processes between different cell tissues and organs
Produced by endocrine glands and travel in the bloodstream to their target
Each hormone has a target organ, tissue or cell
Specific receptor so hormone can bind to target organ
Protein function-antibodies
Y-shaped protein which help the bod fight infection
Once the antibody attaches to the foreign cell, protein can attack or destroy the bacteria
Protein function-receptors
Receive chemical signals from outside cell
Different cells have different receptor proteins
Receptors on membranes have specific shape that match the molecule they bind to
