Enzymes Less Detail Flashcards
What reaction does amylase catalyse?
Starch into sugar
Where does it catalyse starch into sugar
In the mouth and small intestine
Where is protease produced?
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
What reaction does protease catalyse?
Proteins into amino acids
Where does protease catalyse protein into amino acids?
The stomach and small intestine
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas, and small intestine
What reaction does lipase catalyse
Lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol
Where is amylase produced?
In the saliva glands, pancreas and small intestine
What is an enzyme?
Protein molecules which act as a biological catalyst it changes the rate of the chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction itself
What is the active site?
The area on an enzyme where the enzyme and substrate bind.
What’s a substrate?
The material on which an enzyme acts
What can enzymes do?
Build large molecules from smaller ones
Change one molecule into another
Break down large molecules into smaller ones
What are protein molecules made of?
Long chains of amino acids.
What factors affect the action of an enzyme?
Temperatures; faster when it’s warm, more kinetic energy
pH level; some work best in acid, alkaline or neutral conditions
What does denatured mean?
The active site of the enzyme changes shape so it does not fit the substrate anymore
What conditions do protease work best in?
Acidic conditions, glands in the stomach produce HCL
What conditions do amylase and lipase work best in?
In the small intestine, where it is slightly alkaline.
What does bile do?
It is squirted into the small intestine and neutralises the stomach acid, making the conditions slightly alkaline.
Where is bile produced and where is it stored?
Produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
What produces the enzymes used in industry?
Microorganisms.
What do protease and lipase do in industry?
They are used in biological detergents as they digest food stains and work at lower temps, reducing energy costs
Which enzymes pre digest baby food
Proteases
What is isomerise used for?
Converts glucose into fructose for healthier option drinks
What enzymes convert starch into sugar for use in foods?
Carbohydrases
What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry?
Effective at removing stains
Work at low temps, reducing costs
Some Are used to diagnose, control or cure disease
They can reduce cost and equipment in industry
What are the disadvantages of using enzymes?
People may have allergic reactions Enzymes may enter sewage Enzymes can be costly to produces Enzymes denature at high temps Protease may digest wool
How do digestive enzymes differ?
They work outside of the cells as opposed to inside
What do proteins do in the body?
Catalysts - enzymes
Hormones
Structural components
Antibodies
What is an amino acid?
Are the building blocks of proteins
What are proteins
Long chains of amino acids
