Enzymes Best

Question 1

What does the shape of a protein depend on?

Answer 1

It’s function

Question 2

What can proteins be used as in the body?

Answer 2

Structural components of tissue such as muscle
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts

Question 3

What are chemical reactions in the cells controlled by?

Answer 3

By proteins called enzymes

Question 4

What are enzymes

Answer 4

Biological catalysts which speed up reactions

Question 5

What is the active site

Answer 5

The site on an enzyme on where the reactants bind

Question 6

What can happen to the substrate in a reaction

Answer 6

The substrate can be held in the active site and either be connected to another molecule or broken down

Question 7

What can enzymes do

Answer 7

Build large molecules from many smaller ones
Change one molecule into another
Break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 8

Give an example of a reaction where a enzyme Build large molecules from many smaller ones

Answer 8

Building starch from glucose molecules

Question 9

Give an example when an enzyme Change one molecule into another

Answer 9

Converting one type of sugar into another

Question 10

Give an example of when an enzyme can Break down large molecules into smaller ones

Answer 10

All digestive enzymes do this

Question 11

What is a substrate

Answer 11

The material or chemical on which an enzyme acts

Question 12

Why do enzyme reactions occur faster at higher temperatures?

Answer 12

At higher temperatures the molecules move around more quickly and so collide with each other more often and with more energy

Question 13

Why if the temperature gets too high will an enzyme stop working?

Answer 13

If the temp gets too hot the enzyme stops working because the active site changes shape

Question 14

What is denaturing

Answer 14

When an enzyme changes shape of an enzyme so that it can no longer speed up the reaction

Question 15

Why is the ph important in enzyme reactions?

Answer 15

If the ph is too acidic or alkaline for the enzyme, the active site could change shape and the enzyme becomes denatured

Question 16

What are digestive enzymes produced by

Answer 16

Specialised cells in glands in the lining of the gut

Question 17

What is the process of digestion

Answer 17

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules

Question 18

Where is amylase produced

Answer 18

The salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

Question 19

What does amylase catalyse

Answer 19

The digestion of starch into sugars

Question 20

Where does amylase catalyse digestion

Answer 20

Mouth and small intestine

Question 21

Where is protease produced

Answer 21

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 22

What are protein molecules made of?

Answer 22

Long chains of amino acids

Question 23

What does protease catalyse

Answer 23

It catalysts the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

Question 24

Where does protease catalyse its reaction

Answer 24

Stomach and small intestine

Question 25

Where is lipase produced

Answer 25

Pancreas, small intestine

Question 26

What does lipase catalyse

Answer 26

The breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

What conditions does protease work best in

Answer 27

Acidic conditions in the stomach

Question 28

What makes the conditions in the stomach good for protease

Answer 28

Glands in the stomach wall produce HCL creating acidic conditions

Question 29

In what conditions do amylase and lipase work best in

Answer 29

Slightly alkaline in the small intestine

Question 30

What produces bile

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Where is bile stored

Answer 31

Gall bladder

Question 32

Why is the bile squirted into the small intestine

Answer 32

Neutralises the stomach acid and makes the conditions slightly alkaline it also emipulsifies the fat giving it a much larger SA

Question 33

What produces the enzymes used in industry

Answer 33

Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of their cells

Question 34

What do biological detergents contain

Answer 34

Protease and lipases

Question 35

Why are biological detergents better than normal detergents

Answer 35

They work at lower temperatures, saving energy and therefore money

Question 36

What are protease smushed for in industry

Answer 36

They predigest in some baby foods

Question 37

What is isomerise used to do in industry

Answer 37

To convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup

Question 38

Why is fructose used in slimming foods

Answer 38

Is is sweeter, much less is needed so it is less fattening

Question 39

What are carbohydrases used for in industry

Answer 39

To convert starch into sugar syrup for use in foods

Question 40

In industry enzymes are used to bring about at normal .......... And .......... Traditional processes require ............... Equipment and a lot of ....... To produce ........... Temperatures and ..........

Answer 40

``` Temp Pressures Expensive Energy High Pressures ```

Question 41

Advantages of enzymes

Answer 41

Enzymes in biological detergents are very effective at removing stains Biological washing powders can be used at lower temperatures, saving energy, reducing costs Some enzymes are used in medicine to diagnose, cure or even cure diseases Costs of equipment and energy can be reduced

Question 42

Dials advantages of enzymes

Answer 42

If washing powders are misused people may have allergic reactions Enzymes may enter waterways via sewage system Industrial enzymes can be costly to produce Enzymes denature at high temp needed to kill pathogens Some fabrics such as wool will be digested by proteases