Enzymes in Medicine

Question 1

Name the 7 types of enzyme classification

Answer 1

1) Oxidoreductases – Involved in oxidation and reduction reactions, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase
2) Transferases – Transfer of functional groups, e.g. hexokinase
3) Hydrolases – Involved in hydrolysis reactions e.g. trypsin
4) Lyases – Addition of double bonds e.g. carbonic anhydrase
5) Isomerases – Involved in isomerisation reaction e.g. L-alanine isomerase
6) Ligases – Formation of bonds with ATP cleavage e.g. glutamine synthase
7) Translocases – Catalyse the movement of ions across membranes e.g. P-type H+ exporting transporter

Question 2

What is a co-factor?

Answer 2

A non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for the enzyme function

Question 3

What is the function of NAD and NADP and what vitamin is it derived from?

Answer 3

It transfers electrons.

Derived from Niacin (vitamin B3)

Question 4

What is the function of FAD and FMN, what’s it derived from?

Answer 4

It is involed in electron transfer and is derived from Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Question 5

Coenzyme A

Answer 5

Function - Acyl group transfer

Derived - Pantothenic acid

Question 6

Lipoic Acid

Answer 6

Function - Acyl group transfer

Derived - Lipoic acid

Question 7

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Answer 7

Function - Acyl group transfer

Derived - Thiamone (vitamin B1)

Question 8

Biotin

Answer 8

Carboxylation (CO2 transfer)

Derived - Biotin

Question 9

Pyridoxal phosphate

Answer 9

Function - transamination (-NH2 transfer)

Derived - Pyridoxal (vit B6)

Question 10

Tetrahydrafolic acid

Answer 10

Function - 1 and 2 C metabolism

Derived - folic acid

Question 11

Why must we get co-enzymes from our diet

Answer 11

Body is unable to synthesis them,