Enzymes In Action Flashcards
Enzymes
What is the bond called between amino acids?
Peptide bond or condensation reaction
What are the secondary 2° shapes
Alpha helix
b Pleated sheet
Beta pleated sheet
What are tertiary shape 3° called and what are they made of?
Globule
Alpha helix coiled up
What makes quotenary structure 4° (a complex)
2 or more globules together
What is an example of a quotenary structure 4°
Haemoglobin
Enzymes are made up of what?
A globule, amino acids, 3° shape tertiary shape
What are amino acids?
They are the building blocks of proteins
What are some functions of proteins?
Enzymes
Antibodies
Carry messages (hormones)
Bind cells into tissues
What are enzymes?
They are biological catalysts
What enzyme breaks down fats and into what?
Lipase
Fats —⟩ fatty acids + glycerol
What enzyme breaks down proteins and into what?
Protease
Protein —⟩ amino acids
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates and into what?
Carbohydrase
Starch —⟩ glucose
How do enzymes work?
They lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to happen
How are secondary structures held together?
With hydrogen bonds
What factors affect enzyme activity?
pH
Temperature
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
What is collision theory?
That a reaction takes place when the 2 molecules collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy
Why do enzymes denature at certain temperature?
Because the bonds holding enzymes in shape may be broken
This changes the shape of the active site
So the substrate can no longer bind to the active site
