Enzymes - Biochemistry/Physiology Flashcards
What is the first heart enzyme to appear in the blood after a heart attack?
Creatine Kinase (CK-2 along with CK-3)
- Followed by:
- AST (aspartate transaminase)
- LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
What enzymes are used for the diagnosis of liver disease?
Transaminase Levels
- ALT
- AST
What enzyme levels are elevated in acute pancreatitis, mainly used for DD of severe abdominal pain of sudden onset?
- Lipase
- Amylase
What enzyme is used for the diagnosis of muscle disease?
Creatine Kinase (CK)
What enzyme levels are elevated in pulmonary infarction?
LDH
- With more or less normal AST and CK levels
What enzyme is used as a sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction?
Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
What is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients of patients with prostatic cancer?
- Acid phosphatase (ACP)
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
What amino acids are NOT transaminated, they are oxidatively deaminated (release NH3) by a dehydratase enzyme?
- Serine
- Threonine
What coenzyme do all transaminases require?
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
- the coenzyme form of vitamin B6 of pyridoxine
- The aldehyde, PLP form, can accept an amino group
- Its aminated form PMP can donate its amino acid to an a-keto acid.
What do oxidative deamination reactions yeild?
- They liberate the amino group as a free ammonia (NH3)
- Source of nitrogen in urea synthesis
-
a-ketoacids
- For energy
Where does oxidative deamination primarily occur?
Liver and Kidneys
What can the coenzyme be for Glutamate dehydrogenase?
NAD+ or NADP+
Where is carbonic anhydrase found in great concentrations?
erythrocytes
What is the release and activation of pancreatic zymogens mediated by?
- CCK secretion
- Secretin
- PNS
What do all amylases act on?
a-1,4-glycosidic bonds
