enzymes at manipulate dna

Question 1

What is an endonuclease?

Answer 1

An enzyme that breaks the phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain.

Question 2

What is a recognition site?

Answer 2

A specific target sequence of DNA upon which restriction endonucleases act.

Question 3

What is a restriction endonuclease?

Answer 3

Any enzyme that acts like molecular scissors to cut nucleic acid strands at specific recognition sites. Also known as a restriction enzyme.

Question 4

sticky end 

Answer 4

the result of a staggered cut through double
stranded DNA by an endonuclease resulting in overhanging

Question 5

blunt end 

Answer 5

the result of a straight cut across the double-stranded DNA by an endonuclease resulting in no overhanging nucleotides

Question 6

overhanging nucleotides 

Answer 6

unbonded nucleotides on the ends of the DNA strand resulting from a staggered cut

Question 7

ligase

Answer 7

 an enzyme that joins molecules, including DNA or RNA, together by catalysing the formation of phosphodiester bonds

Question 8

polymerase an enzyme that
synthesises a polymer from
monomers, such as forming
a DNA strand from nucleic acids

Answer 8

an enzyme that synthesises a polymer from monomers, such as forming a DNA strand from nucleic acids

Question 9

primer 

Answer 9

a short, single strand of nucleic acids that acts as a starting point for polymerase enzymes to attach