3b -factors effecting enzymes Flashcards
What is the saturation point?
The point at which a substance (e.g. an enzyme) cannot receive more of another substance (e.g. a substrate).
What is a limiting factor?
A factor that prevents the rate of reaction from increasing.
What is a reagent?
A reactant that prevents the rate of reaction from increasing.
What is an enzyme inhibitor?
A molecule that binds to and prevents an enzyme from functioning.
What is competitive inhibition?
The hindrance of an enzyme by blocking the active site and preventing the substrate from binding.
What is non-competitive inhibition?
The hindrance of an enzyme by binding to an allosteric site and changing the shape of the active site to prevent the substrate from binding.
What is an allosteric site?
A region on an enzyme that is not the active site.
What is reversible inhibition?
Enzyme inhibition that involves weaker bonds that can be overcome. forms weak bonds with the active site.
if there’s more substrate , the reversible inhibitor will break and substrate will bind to the enzyme
slows the enzyme concentration.
What is irreversible inhibition?
Enzyme inhibition that involves stronger bonds that cannot be broken. thus, they are normally competitive inhibitor. \
regardless of how much substrate there is it wont break thus the substrate accumulates
What is a cofactor?
Any organic or inorganic molecule, such as a coenzyme or metal ion, that assists enzyme function.
What is a coenzyme?
A non-protein organic cofactor that assists enzyme function. They release energy and are recycled during a reaction.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, a high energy molecule that, when broken down, provides energy for cellular processes.
What is ADP?
Adenosine diphosphate, the unloaded form of ATP.
temperature- tolerance ranges
-enzymes optimal temp= 58 to 60 degrees, with tolerance of 37 - 70 degrees. enzyme will freeze below 30 and denature above 70 .
-as the temp decreases from the optimal range the kenetic energy will decrease and fewer enzyme substrate complexes form
- as the temp decreases toward low tolerance enzyme activity will slow down till freezing point happens = loss function.
- freezing is reversible but opposite for heating up.
concentration of substrate
if the enzyme concentraation is constant then the substrate will increase then the rate of reaction will increase cuz more reactant available to undergo reaction
- too many substrate molecules that continuously occupy ALL active sites - enzymes result in saturated.
if the substrate increases the rate of reaction decreases
- before the graph plateaus the substrate is a limiting factor
- when the plateaus the substrate stops being limiting factor
concentration of enzyme
enzyme concetration increases then reaction increases while substrate constant, reaction rate increases
