Enzymes and Proteins in the diagnosis of disease

Question 1

what causes enzyme elevation?

Answer 1

extensive cell damage, cell proliferation, enzyme induction, Duct obstruction

Question 2

what happens if there is a duct obstruction?

Answer 2

Amylase and lipase goes into the blood stream

Question 3

What causes protein alteration? and give 2 examples of how this occurs

Answer 3

Loss of organ function - common with liver failure, Albumin decreases as it has a half life of 21 days
- protein induction - CEA being induced by cancer
- lack of removal - creatinine - when there is kidney disease there is there an increase in creatinine.

Question 4

What enzymes have the highest clinical significance?

Answer 4

Alkaline Phosphates (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Creatinine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Lipase, Amylase and Acid Phosphate

Question 5

what are proteins of clinical significance

Answer 5

Albumin, Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), Antibodies, C-reactive protein, Erythropoietin, D-Dimer, HbA1c, insulin and Von Willebrand