Enzymes and Homeostasis

Question 1

In an enzyme catalysed reaction, reaction rate will increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are ________. the addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate.

Answer 1

saturated (full)

Question 2

components of the body which detect temperature changes.

Answer 2

thermoreceptors

Question 3

the enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar ____

Answer 3

maltose

Question 4

this enzyme catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 4

catalase

Question 5

if your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start ______

Answer 5

Shivering

Question 6

components of the body which detect light

Answer 6

photoreceptors

Question 7

when the product of an enzyme catalyses reaction binds to the _______ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive.

Answer 7

allosteric

Question 8

_________ glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

Answer 8

endocrine

Question 9

______ glands secrete hormones into ducts

Answer 9

exocrine

Question 10

an ______ ________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of range

Answer 10

adaptive response

Question 11

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 11

induced fit

Question 12

every enzyme has an optimal __ at which it will work in the body. the exact value of this will depend upon where in the body that enzyme is functioning. Values too fa above OR below optimal will result in denaturation of the enzyme

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

in order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a ________, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

Answer 13

cofactor

Question 14

cofactors can belong to this group of substances

Answer 14

metals

Question 15

enzymes are said to be ______ because each enzyme catalyses only one type of reaction

Answer 15

specific

Question 16

enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become too _____, however this situation can be reversed

Answer 16

cold

Question 17

a biological catalyst is called an ______

Answer 17

enzyme

Question 18

a word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

Answer 18

substrate

Question 19

negative feedback ______ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme catalysed reaction causes the rate of reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

Answer 19

inhibition

Question 20

maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

the model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other ( 3 words )

Answer 21

lock and key

Question 22

components of the body which detect chemical changes

Answer 22

chemoreceptors

Question 23

_____ _______ like mercury and lead can cause the denaturation of enzymes (2 words)

Answer 23

heavy metald

Question 24

the protein portion of an enzyme is called the ___________

Answer 24

apoenzyme

Question 25

components of the body which detect changes in blood pressure

Answer 25

baroreceptors

Question 26

insulin is an example of a ______ hormone

Answer 26

peptide

Question 27

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of ______ feedback systems where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to a SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

the ________ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

Answer 28

activation

Question 29

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

Answer 29

metabolism

Question 30

metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxin which is produced by the ________ gland

Answer 30

thyroid

Question 31

an organic, but non protein substance (eg.vitamin) which place a role in forming a functioning enzyme

Answer 31

coenzyme

Question 32

in order to cool your body blood vessels near the surface of the skin will _______

Answer 32

dilate

Question 33

________ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

all enzyme names end in this suffix

Answer 34

-ase

Question 35

this element is required for the production of thyroxin

Answer 35

iodine

Question 36

increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 36

surface area

Question 37

___________ are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with each other

Answer 37

hormones

Question 38

the receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

this word is what happens to a protein when it’s exposed to heat, certain chemicals, or an extremely basic/acidic pH range

Answer 39

denature

Question 40

all of the body’s sensory receptors are connected to the ______ system

Answer 40

nervous

Question 41

organic, but non protein cofactors are often derived from these substances

Answer 41

vitamins

Question 42

enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temperatures get too ___. this situation is irreversible

Answer 42

hot

Question 43

this enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism OR hyperthyroidism

Answer 43

goiter

Question 44

lipid based hormones are composed of _______

Answer 44

steroids

Question 45

the portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

Answer 45

active site

Question 46

a _______ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer 46

catalyst

Question 47

a solution with a higher _________ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

Answer 47

concentration

Question 48

a factor affecting the rate of chemical reaction

Answer 48

temperature

Question 49

many _________ are inhibitors that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive.

Answer 49

poisons

Question 50

the term metabolic _________ refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

Answer 50

pathway