Enzymes and Cellular Respiration (c3) Flashcards
To prepeare for test
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
What is catabolism?
Breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy.
What is anabolism?
Requires energy and builds up smaller molecules into larger ones.
How do enzymes affect activation energy?
Enzymes reduce activation energy and increase the rate of reaction.
What is the lock-and-key model?
The substrate fits into the enzyme’s active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Low temperature = slow reaction; high temperature = enzyme denatures.
What is optimal pH?
Each enzyme has an optimal pH; extreme pH values can denature the enzyme.
How does substrate concentration affect reaction speed?
Higher concentration of substrate increases reaction speed until saturation is reached.
What are enzyme inhibitors?
Competitive inhibitors block the active site; non-competitive inhibitors change the enzyme’s shape.
What is cellular respiration?
The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP.
What are the uses of energy from cellular respiration?
Active transport and muscle contraction.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate stores and transfers energy.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Occurs in the cytoplasm when oxygen is unavailable.
What are the byproducts of anaerobic respiration?
Pyruvic acid (lactic acid).
What is aerobic respiration?
Occurs in the mitochondria when oxygen is available.
How much ATP is produced in aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP per glucose.
How much ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration?
2 ATP per glucose.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP.
What cell activities require ATP?
Muscle contraction, active transport, cell division, protein synthesis.
What is synthesis?
The process of building complex molecules from simpler ones.
What is ADP?
Adenosine Diphosphate.
