Cells and Transports (C2)

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 2

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 2

Is the fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions occur.

Question 3

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Produces lipids and detoxifies proteins

Question 4

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Synthesises proteins and is covered in ribosomes

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 5

They are the site of protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Maintains cell shape and movement

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes

Answer 7

Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 8

Controls cell activities and stores DNA.

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 9

Site of cellular respiration (produces energy)

Question 10

What is the function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Modifies and packages proteins for transport.

Question 11

What is the function of microfilaments

Answer 11

Support and shape the cell

Question 12

What is the function of flagella

Answer 12

Assist in movement (eg. sperm cell tails)

Question 13

What is the function of centrioles

Answer 13

Organise microtubes during cell division.

Question 14

What s the function of cytosol

Answer 14

Fluid part of the cytoplasm that supports cell structure and transports molecules

Question 15

What is the function of vesicles

Answer 15

Transport, store or digest substances within the cell.

Question 16

What is the fluid mosaic model

Answer 16

A model that describes the cell membrane as a flexible structure with a phospholipid bilayer, where hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 17

What is the function of carrier proteins

Answer 17

Bind to specific molecules and change shape to transport them across the cell membrane, sometimes requiring energy.

Question 18

What is the function of channel proteins

Answer 18

Create tunnels in the cell membrane to allow molecules or ions to pass through passively.

Question 19

What is transport in cells

Answer 19

The movement of substances into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis

Question 20

What is passive transport

Answer 20

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration without using energy (ATP)

Question 21

What is simple diffusion (pt)

Answer 21

The movement of small, non-polar molecules (e.g., oxygen, CO₂) directly through the membrane.

Question 22

What is facilitated diffusion (pt)

Answer 22

The movement of large or charged molecules through a channel or carrier protein.

Question 23

What is osmosis (pt)

Answer 23

The diffusion of water molecules from high to low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 24

What is active transport

Answer 24

The movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy (ATP)

Question 25

What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

Answer 25

Transport substances against their concentration gradient (e.g., sodium-potassium pump).

Question 26

How does the mitochondria assist active transport

Answer 26

It provides ATP, the energy needed for active transport

Question 27

What is vesicular transport

Answer 27

The movement of large substances into or out of the cell using vesicles

Question 28

What is endocytosis?

Answer 28

The process of engulfing materials by wrapping the membrane around them.

Question 29

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 29

A type of endocytosis known as "cell eating" (e.g., white blood cells engulf bacteria).

Question 30

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 30

A type of endocytosis known as "cell drinking" (e.g., uptake of fluids).

Question 31

What is exocytosis?

Answer 31

The process of expelling materials using vesicles (e.g., secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters).

Question 32

Why do small cells have an advantage?

Answer 32

They have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 33

What happens if a cell gets too big?

Answer 33

Its volume increases faster than its surface area, making it harder to supply nutrients and remove waste efficiently.

Question 34

How can a large cell adapt?

Answer 34

It can either divide (mitosis) or flatten to increase its surface area.

Question 35

Why must large organisms be multicellular?

Answer 35

A single cell cannot support a large, complex organism, so multiple cells can specialize in different functions for efficiency.