Enzymes Flashcards
What are your specfic enzymes?
ID and GMD-liver
CK-muscle
What are your nonspecific enzymes?
AST, LD, ALP
Why does serum activity increase?
Bc rate entering plasma is higher than the rate leaving plasma.
Inc release from damaged cells
Inc production
Dec Removal of enzyme from plasma
What causes inc production and release of enzymes from cells?
Inducers by drugs (steroids, phenobarbs), metabolites (bile acids)
Membrane enzymes-major
Most cytoplasmic-minor
What is a cytoplasmic enzyme that is a marker of hepatocyte damage in dogs and cats?
Where else is this enzyme found
ALT
sk muscles-so if a marked damage–mild inc in ALT
RBCs can have an inc in ALT in dogs
What can damage hepatocytes?
DAMNIT
Denegerative, developmental
Autoimmune, allergice, anomaly, atrophy
Metabolic, mechanical
Nutritional (copper, iron), neoplasm
Inflammatory, infection, immunologic, iatrogenic, idiopathic, inherited
Toxic, traumatic, therapeutic
What enzyme is cytoplasmic and mitochondrial that is a marker of hepatocyte damage in horses and cattle? Why?
AST
The half life in horses is long 7-8 days, whereas a dog is only 1 day
Whats another way for an increase in AST other than the damnit?
In vitro damage to erythrocytes-trauma, temp
Hemolysis releases AST
What is a cytoplasmic enzyme that is a marker of hepatocyte damage that has lots of isoenzymes?
Lactate dehydrogenase
LD, LDH
Which enzyme is a better mark for hepatocyte damage
ALT or LD
ALT
What is a very tissue specific marker of hepatocyte damage in horses and cattle? Half life?
Iditol dehydrogenase ID
Only hepatocytes
about 5 hrs, but the cooler it is, the longer the half life
Enzyme that is a marker for hepatocyte damage, its a mitchondrial enzyme and its almost tissue specifc?
What can induce this enzyme?
Glutamate dehydrogenase GMD
Induction by phenobarbitol in dogs
Tissue sp almost-kidney, int, m
What all can ALP tell us?
It has many isoforms.
L-ALP: Marker of cholestasis-but it isn’t specific.
B-ALP marker of osteoblastic activity
L-ALP and C-ALP: Can also be induced by glucocorts, bile acid and phenobarbs
What else do you need to think about with ALP
species differences
Dogs:high diagnostic sens, but not in cats and horses, cattle is moderatly sensitive
What enzyme is a marker for cholestasis and or biliary hyperplasia?
What else can it be a marker for?
GGT
intra/posthepatic
tubular damage
Indicator of suckling-passive transfer
can also be due to steroids and phenobarb
