Blood Gases

Question 1

What assesses pulmonary function?

Answer 1

PaO2 and PaCO2

Question 2

Whats the Dr word for a decreased blood pH

Answer 2

Acidemia

Question 3

Whats a condition in which acidemia tends to occur?

Answer 3

Acidosis

Question 4

Why would animals not be acidemic with acidotic?

Answer 4

because of compensatory mechanisms or because the width of the reference interval

Question 5

An increased blood pH?

Answer 5

Alkalemia

Question 6

Alkalosis is?

Answer 6

A condition in which alkalemia tends to occur?

Question 7

Whats the word for excess CO2 in blood?

Answer 7

Hypercapnia

Question 8

What is the word for deficient of dissolved O2 in blood?

Answer 8

Hypoxemia

Question 9

What is represented by the PCO2 value?

Answer 9

Pressure created by the CO2 that is DISSOLVED in PLASMA

Question 10

What is it called when you have a increased loss of CO2

Answer 10

Hyperventilation

Question 11

Decrease loss of CO2?

Answer 11

Hypoventilation

Question 12

How does the body eliminate H+ that is produced from metabolic pathways?

Answer 12

H+ is buffered with bicarb which gets turned into CO2 and H20. This CO2 is then transported by RBCs to the lungs. Dissolved CO2–PCO2

Other H+ gets excreted in the Urine mostly with NH4+ and H2PO4-

Question 13

What does the PaCO2 and HCO3 look like in acidemia?

Alkalemia?

Answer 13

Decrease Bicarb or increased PaCO2

Alk: Inc Bicarb or Dec PaCO2

Question 14

What kind of blood do you want to use for assessment of pulmonary function?

Answer 14

Arterial Heparinized whole blood

Question 15

Blood used for metabolic disorders?

Answer 15

Venous heparinized whole blood

Jug, Ceph, Saph, Fem

Question 16

Is the venous blood more alkaline than arterial?

Answer 16

No, its more acidic

Question 17

Can you use venous blood to assess pulmonary function?

Answer 17

No!!!! you need arterial

Question 18

What kind of tube do you want to use for assessment?

Answer 18

You dont, you want to go straight to the instrument.

If you need to, then use a heparin tube- just be aware of the false PO2 and PC02, bc the gases will diffuse into the dead space

Question 19

T/F Room air gases will pass through plastic syringes?

Answer 19

True-so be fast

even faster if chilled or iced

Question 20

When would you have a decreased in bicarb? (Met Acidosis in a primary event)

Answer 20

Decrease renal loss of H+

Renal Failure
Uroperitoneum
Urinary Obstruction
Distal Tubular Acidosis
Hypoaldosterone

Question 21

When would you have an increase in H+ Production? Met Acidosis in a primary event

Answer 21

Lactic acidosis

Ketoacidosis

Other

Question 22

When would you have an increase in HCO3- loss? Met Acidosis in a primary event

Answer 22

Some diarrheas

Proximal Renal Tubular acidosis

**Depletion of HCO3 allows H+ to accumulate

Question 23

When would you have an Respiratory Acidosis? Primarily

Inc in PaCO2

Answer 23

Results from a dec in alveolar ventilation-impaired excretion of C02

Impaired gas exchange: restrictive dz

Dec Resp Center due to drugs, dz, alkalemia

Upper Airway Obstruction

Dec Resp muscles

Mechanical Hypoventilation

Question 24

What are reasons for Primary Met Alkalosis?

Answer 24

Excess loss of H+ or
Excess gen of HC03

Gastric Secretions lost and more HCO3 produced

Increase Renal loss of H+ and more HCO3 produced due to Loop Diuretics and Hypokalemia (Hypovolemia-RAAS)

Question 25

Primary reasons for Resp Alkalosis

Answer 25

``` Inc excretion of C02: Hypoxia (Stimulates peripheral receptors) Pain, anxiety Mechanical Hyperventilation Other stimuli ```

Question 26

What does your HCO3 and PaCO2 do in alkalemia

Answer 26

Inc HCO3 Dec PaCO2

Question 27

Whats happening if you have a respiratory acidosis with an Inc PCO2 and an inc in HCO3 with a WRI pH?

Answer 27

The PCO2 is causing the resp acidosis but the HCO3 should be decreasing. This means there is a compensatory mech going on. The kidney is reserving HCO3 there is still an acid base disorder even though the pH is normal-it was on the low end of normal

Question 28

Whats it called when air is not getting to the alveoli due to obstruction or dead space?

Answer 28

Tidal Hypoxia

Question 29

Whats it called when you are in the mountains and you have decreased PaO2

Answer 29

Atmospheric Hypoxia

Question 30

Whats it called when O2 is not diffusing into blood bc of pneumonia or exudates?

Answer 30

Alveolar hypoxia

Question 31

What is a common disease that cause hypoxemia?

Answer 31

Impaired gas exchange at pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary dz, restrictive dz, pleural effusions, vascular dz: R to L shunts