Blood Gases Flashcards
What assesses pulmonary function?
PaO2 and PaCO2
Whats the Dr word for a decreased blood pH
Acidemia
Whats a condition in which acidemia tends to occur?
Acidosis
Why would animals not be acidemic with acidotic?
because of compensatory mechanisms or because the width of the reference interval
An increased blood pH?
Alkalemia
Alkalosis is?
A condition in which alkalemia tends to occur?
Whats the word for excess CO2 in blood?
Hypercapnia
What is the word for deficient of dissolved O2 in blood?
Hypoxemia
What is represented by the PCO2 value?
Pressure created by the CO2 that is DISSOLVED in PLASMA
What is it called when you have a increased loss of CO2
Hyperventilation
Decrease loss of CO2?
Hypoventilation
How does the body eliminate H+ that is produced from metabolic pathways?
H+ is buffered with bicarb which gets turned into CO2 and H20. This CO2 is then transported by RBCs to the lungs. Dissolved CO2–PCO2
Other H+ gets excreted in the Urine mostly with NH4+ and H2PO4-
What does the PaCO2 and HCO3 look like in acidemia?
Alkalemia?
Decrease Bicarb or increased PaCO2
Alk: Inc Bicarb or Dec PaCO2
What kind of blood do you want to use for assessment of pulmonary function?
Arterial Heparinized whole blood
Blood used for metabolic disorders?
Venous heparinized whole blood
Jug, Ceph, Saph, Fem
Is the venous blood more alkaline than arterial?
No, its more acidic
Can you use venous blood to assess pulmonary function?
No!!!! you need arterial
What kind of tube do you want to use for assessment?
You dont, you want to go straight to the instrument.
If you need to, then use a heparin tube- just be aware of the false PO2 and PC02, bc the gases will diffuse into the dead space
T/F Room air gases will pass through plastic syringes?
True-so be fast
even faster if chilled or iced
When would you have a decreased in bicarb? (Met Acidosis in a primary event)
Decrease renal loss of H+
Renal Failure Uroperitoneum Urinary Obstruction Distal Tubular Acidosis Hypoaldosterone
When would you have an increase in H+ Production? Met Acidosis in a primary event
Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis
Other
When would you have an increase in HCO3- loss? Met Acidosis in a primary event
Some diarrheas
Proximal Renal Tubular acidosis
**Depletion of HCO3 allows H+ to accumulate
When would you have an Respiratory Acidosis? Primarily
Inc in PaCO2
Results from a dec in alveolar ventilation-impaired excretion of C02
Impaired gas exchange: restrictive dz
Dec Resp Center due to drugs, dz, alkalemia
Upper Airway Obstruction
Dec Resp muscles
Mechanical Hypoventilation
What are reasons for Primary Met Alkalosis?
Excess loss of H+ or
Excess gen of HC03
Gastric Secretions lost and more HCO3 produced
Increase Renal loss of H+ and more HCO3 produced due to Loop Diuretics and Hypokalemia (Hypovolemia-RAAS)
Primary reasons for Resp Alkalosis
Inc excretion of C02: Hypoxia (Stimulates peripheral receptors) Pain, anxiety Mechanical Hyperventilation Other stimuli
What does your HCO3 and PaCO2 do in alkalemia
Inc HCO3
Dec PaCO2
Whats happening if you have a respiratory acidosis with an Inc PCO2 and an inc in HCO3 with a WRI pH?
The PCO2 is causing the resp acidosis but the HCO3 should be decreasing. This means there is a compensatory mech going on.
The kidney is reserving HCO3
there is still an acid base disorder even though the pH is normal-it was on the low end of normal
Whats it called when air is not getting to the alveoli due to obstruction or dead space?
Tidal Hypoxia
Whats it called when you are in the mountains and you have decreased PaO2
Atmospheric Hypoxia
Whats it called when O2 is not diffusing into blood bc of pneumonia or exudates?
Alveolar hypoxia
What is a common disease that cause hypoxemia?
Impaired gas exchange at pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary dz, restrictive dz, pleural effusions, vascular dz: R to L shunts
