Enzymes Flashcards
ATP ADVANTANGES
- universal b/c works for most reactions
- when ate converts to add the energy released is enough for another reaction (little waste)
- energy for muscles
- energy transport
How does ATP act as a carrier?
ate breaks down and releases more energy than needed for exogenic reactions. The free energy is then used to supply a endogenic reaction.
Coupled Reactions
reactions that occur in the same place at the same time in a way that exogenic reaction drives an endogenic reaction
Enzymes
do not get used up fully
regulate metabolism
participate in reaction (trypsin breaks down peptide bonds and the amino acid formed, interacts with the active site
catalyze reaction
LOCK AND KEY
Lock - Enzyme
Key- Substrate
Enzyme Substrate Complex
At the active site, it undergoes a change known as inducted fit to accommodate the shape of the substrate. The change in shape facilitates the reaction.
Substrate
reactant that binds to an enzyme
Metabolic Regulation
Enzyme determines the metabolic pathway used and the reaction.
1) enzyme present/active
2) inhibitors
3) co-factors
Metabolic Pathways
series of linked reactions
- particular reactant and product
- highly organized and constructed in a distinct manner
- controlled by final product
- enzyme’s cant be switched
these types of reactions are good b/c its more effective to release in energy in increments than all at once
Co-factors
inorganic ion (metal) or non-protein molecule helps to activate an enzyme. Participate in the reaction and can give atoms.
vitamins: required for synthesis of co-enzymes. In animals, vitamins become part of an animals structure. If the vitamin is not present, the enzymatic activity will decrease and there will be a vitamin deficient disorder. (Pellagra- cracks at corner of mouth)
Inhibitors
occurs when a molecule binds to enzyme to decrease activity.
feedback inhibition
final product stops it from continuing to react. After the product is formed, it stops to conserve material, energy and prevent too much product ant dangerous levels from forming.
competitive
competes with substrate for the active spot
non-competitive
binds to allosteric site,-changes shape and prevents bond
heavy metals
non-competitive inhibitors, like lead and mercury
