Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes are made out of

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

What do enzymes do

Answer 2

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 3

Enzymes are important in life because

Answer 3

They speed up chemical reactions which would otherwise be too slow for life processes to occur

Question 4

Bacteria release digestive enzymes into their environment and then

Answer 4

Absorb digested food into their cells

Question 5

Part of protein molecule breakdown to make

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

Starch molecules break down to make

Answer 6

Glucose molecules

Question 7

Lipid molecules breakdown to make

Answer 7

Fatty acids ( glycemol )

Question 8

What’s the scientific name for an enzyme?

Answer 8

Biological catalyst

Question 9

Substance acted on by enzymes are called

Answer 9

Substrates

Question 10

Sucrose

Answer 10

Sucrose

Question 11

Peptide

Answer 11

Peptidease

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

Lactase

Question 13

What is a peptide

Answer 13

Short chain of protein

Question 14

Where is the enzyme amylase found

Answer 14

Saliva

Small intestine

Question 15

What is the reaction catalysed by amylase

Answer 15

Breaking down starch to small sugars such as maltose

Question 16

Where is the enzyme catalase found

Answer 16

Most cells, especially liver cells

Question 17

What is the reaction catalysed by catalase

Answer 17

Breaking down hydrogen peroxide made in many cell reactions to water and oxygen

Question 18

Where is the enzyme starch synthase found

Answer 18

Plant

Question 19

What is the reaction catalysed by starch synthase

Answer 19

Syntheses of starch from glucose

Question 20

Where is the enzyme DNA polymerase found

Answer 20

In nucleus

Question 21

What is the reaction catalysed by DNA polymerase

Answer 21

Syntheses of DNA from its monomers

Question 22

What are monomers

Answer 22

Single units of a substance e.g. Glucose is a monomer. Starch is a polymer made up of lots of glucose

Question 23

Are enzymes alive?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

All living cells contain the enzyme…

Answer 24

Catalase

Question 25

Catalase breaks down the toxin…

Answer 25

Hydrogen peroxide that is made in repairing cells

Question 26

Enzymes are globular proteins. They are so if it for a particular substrate. This is due to the shape of the enzymes

Answer 26

Active site

Question 27

In an enzyme catalysed reaction the substrate first binds the

Answer 27

Active site of the enzyme

Question 28

One the active site and substrate have locked it forms a

Answer 28

Enzyme-substrate complex then it breaks up into enzyme and products

Question 29

Enzymes have an optimum temperature that they work at

This means

Answer 29

The best temperature for them to get a highest rate of reaction

Question 30

If the temperature is too low

Answer 30

Less kinetic energy
Less collisions between substrate and enzyme active site
Less enzyme-substrate complexes form
Rate of reaction goes down

Question 31

If temperature is too high

Answer 31

Active site denatures
More kinetic energy
Molecules vibrate so much that they break the binds that hold the active site in place

Enzyme is denatured

Question 32

What is involved in an enzyme-controlled reaction

Answer 32

Enzyme
Active site
Substrate molecules
Product molecule

Question 33

Explain the role of the active site in an enzyme-controlled reaction

Answer 33

Shape of active site matches shape of substrate molecules and holds them close together so binds can form between them to make the product. The product molecule doesn’t fit the active site well so it is released from the enzyme

Question 34

Explain what is meant by the active site of an enzyme

Answer 34

…

Question 35

Enzymes in the human liver have an optimum temperature of about 37 degrees. Explain why our body temperature is controlled to stay at about 37 degrees.

Answer 35

Enzymes are always at their optimum temperature

Reactions occur at the fastest rate