Enzymes Flashcards
we can use catalysts to do what to a reaction?
speed it up
chemical reaction rates are controlled by what?
Enzymes
enzymes are what?
biological catalysts
enzymes are large what molecules?
protein
the reactant is called what?
substrate
the special shape of the enzyme allows for what?
the substrate to fit into the enzyme protein. (called the active site)
enzymes don’t change what?
the reaction, they speed it up however.
the substrate fitting into the enzyme is know as the what theory?
lock and key theory.
if you increase the temperature of the enzyme then it will
speed up the reaction
if you heat up the enzyme too much it will
denature, it can no longer act as a catalyst.
what will happen to the enzyme if we change the PH?
it will change shape.
lipids (fats and oils) are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by which catalyst?
Lipase
where is lipase made?
in your pacrease and your small intestine
what do we call enzymes that break down carbohydrates?
carbohydrase
starch is broken down into sugar by which enzyme
amylase
where is amylase produced?
salivary glands
protein is broken down into amino acids by which enzyme?
protease
where is protease produced?
stomach, small intestine and your pancreas
your liver makes a greenish yellow alkaline liquid called
bile
your enzymes work best at what PH’s?
acidic
Bile does what to the fats in the stomach?
emulsifies the fat in your food
how do fermenters work?
store bacteria in conditions that produce enzymes, enzymes are then collected.
two main biological enzymes in bio detergents?
- Protease
- Lipase
the two main enzymes used in biological detergents
- protease
- lipase
the use of enzymes in baby food:
protease, breaks down long protein chains
sugar syrup uses enzymes how?
sugar syrup is broken down by carbohydrase to make sugar syrup.
glucose is broken down by what to create fructose syrup?
isomerase.
list 2 advantages to using enzymes in the industry.
- reactions can happen at lower temps and lower pressures saving cost in energy.
- Can be reused
list two disadvantages to enzymes
- denature at high temperatures
- costs a lot to produce
