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Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are catalysts?

A

Catalysts are chemicals that speed up reactions

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2
Q

What is the area of an enzyme that lets the substrate fit in?

A

The active site

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3
Q

What do you use to test for starch?

A

Iodine

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4
Q

What colour does iodine change to and from when starch is present?

A

It turns from yellow to black/blue

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5
Q

What does Benedictus test for?

A

Sugar

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6
Q

What does Benedictus change from and to when sugars are present?

A

It changes from blue to orange/ read

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7
Q

What does biruets test for?

A

Protein

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8
Q

What does biruets change from and to when protein is present?

A

It changes from blue to purple

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9
Q

What does the ethanol test for?

A

Lipids

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10
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are fats found in every food group

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11
Q

What does ethanol change from and to when lipids are present?

A

Changes from translucent to cloudy white

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12
Q

What method do enzymes use to take in substrates?

A

Lock and key method

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13
Q

Enzymes are…

A

Specific.

The active site has a specific shape and will only fit one type of substrate

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14
Q

What causes enzymes to be denatured?

A

Temperature or pH

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15
Q

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

A

The active site has changed

The enzyme no longer works

And no enzyme substrate complexes form

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17
Q

What does carbohydrase break carbohydrates down to?

A

Starch and glucose

18
Q

What does lipase break fats into?

A

Amino acids

19
Q

What does protease break proteins into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

20
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Energy needed to make the reaction happen

21
Q

What is the difference between catabolic enzymes and anabolic enzymes?

A

Catabolic enzymes break substrates down

Anabolic enzymes build substrates up

22
Q

What is an enzyme substrate complex?

A

Anything that binds to an enzyme

23
Q

Why does the amylase break down the starch quicker at 40 degrees?

A

Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes

24
Q

Why does amylase break down starch quicker at pH7?

A

Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes

25
Q

Why do the catalysts break down the hydro peroxide quicker in hot water?

A

Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes

26
Q

What releases protease, carbohydrase and lipase enzymes into the small intestine?

A

The pancreas

27
Q

Where are protease and hydrochloric acid found in?

A

The stomach

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