Enzymes Flashcards
What are catalysts?
Catalysts are chemicals that speed up reactions
What is the area of an enzyme that lets the substrate fit in?
The active site
What do you use to test for starch?
Iodine
What colour does iodine change to and from when starch is present?
It turns from yellow to black/blue
What does Benedictus test for?
Sugar
What does Benedictus change from and to when sugars are present?
It changes from blue to orange/ read
What does biruets test for?
Protein
What does biruets change from and to when protein is present?
It changes from blue to purple
What does the ethanol test for?
Lipids
What are lipids?
Lipids are fats found in every food group
What does ethanol change from and to when lipids are present?
Changes from translucent to cloudy white
What method do enzymes use to take in substrates?
Lock and key method
Enzymes are…
Specific.
The active site has a specific shape and will only fit one type of substrate
What causes enzymes to be denatured?
Temperature or pH
What happens when an enzyme is denatured?
The active site has changed
The enzyme no longer works
And no enzyme substrate complexes form
What does carbohydrase break carbohydrates down to?
Starch and glucose
What does lipase break fats into?
Amino acids
What does protease break proteins into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is activation energy?
Energy needed to make the reaction happen
What is the difference between catabolic enzymes and anabolic enzymes?
Catabolic enzymes break substrates down
Anabolic enzymes build substrates up
What is an enzyme substrate complex?
Anything that binds to an enzyme
Why does the amylase break down the starch quicker at 40 degrees?
Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes
Why does amylase break down starch quicker at pH7?
Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes
Why do the catalysts break down the hydro peroxide quicker in hot water?
Because there is more kinetic energy which allows more successful Collisions to happen resulting in more enzyme substrate complexes
