Enzymes

Question 1

What is Ariboflavinosis?

Answer 1

Riboflavin B2 required for FAD synthesis
Reduced glutathione reductase activity - requires FAD
(Oxidized gr cleans reactive oxygen species)
Lesions in corner of mouth and lips - UV sensitive

Question 2

What is a binding site for dehydrogenases?

Answer 2

NAD+

Alcohol: NAD+ reduced to NADH from converting ethanol to acetaldehyde
NAD+ and Zn are in specific arrangement for catalysis

Question 3

Oxidoreductases

Answer 3

Alcohol dehydrogenases

NAD+ to NADH (reduced)
Alcohol to ketone/aldehyde (oxidized)

Question 4

Transferases

Answer 4

Donor molecules required

Kinase receptors
Phosphorylates proteins and themselves

Question 5

Hydrolases

Answer 5

Cleaves covalent bonds with water

Disaccharides cleave to monosaccharides
Defects in lactase = lactose intolerance

Question 6

Lyases

Answer 6

Addition or removal of groups to form double bond

Ex. Aldolase

Question 7

Isomerism

Answer 7

Isomers

Question 8

Ligases

Answer 8

Covalent linkage of 2 substrates
Ex. DNA Ligase - 2 covalent phosphodiester bonds btw 3’ hydroxy and 5’ phosphate
Uses ATP

Question 9

Reversible inhibition

Answer 9

Binds to enzymes with noncovalent interactions

Does not chemically alter

Question 10

Irreversible inhibition

Answer 10

Covalently modifies enzyme

Alter active site

Question 11

Isoenzymes used to diagnose MI

Answer 11

LDH-1 lactate dehydrogenase
CK-MB creatine kinase muscle brain
Troponin
AST/SGOT1 aspartate amino transferase

Question 12

What is Scurvy?

Answer 12

Vitamin C deficiency (Lysyl hydroxylase)

Spongy gums, bleeding of skin and mucous membranes