Cellular Homeostasis Flashcards
GLUT 1
Ubiquitous
Unregulated
Km 1mM (high affinity)
GLUT 2
Liver and pancreas
Unregulated
Km 10mM
Low affinity - only works with high carb diet
GLUT 3
Neurons
Unregulated
Km 1mM - high affinity
GLUT 4
Muscle, adipose, heart
REGULATED by insulin - surface expression dependent
Km 5 - normally 50% saturated
Insulin causes fusion of Glut4 vesicles with PM via kinase signaling
PEPCK - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Key enzyme in synthesis of glucose in liver and kidney
Glucocorticoid receptor (cortisol) and thyroxine receptor upstream from transcription start place
Chaperones
Help protein folding
Ex. Hsp 70/90
Acylation
Post translational modification
Attach acyl group
Attachment to membranes
Glycation and glycosylation
Attachment of glucose or other sugar
Ex. Blood type
Ubiquitination
Post translational modification
Attach ubiquitin protein
Tags for degradation by proteasome
Mitochondrial matrix is the site of
B-oxidation of fatty acids
TCA cycle
Urea cycle
Storage of calcium
Mitochondrial fusion
Mitigates stress by mixing contents of partially damaged mitochondria as a form of complementation
Mitochondrial fission
Create new mitochondria
Remove damaged mitochondria
Facilitate apoptosis
Can glucose be taken in by plasma membrane?
No, polar
Uses GLUTs from blood plasma to cell
