enzymes Flashcards
What is an enzyme
Ccmplex globular protein
what shape is the enzyme
roughly spherical tertiary structure Which is very specific in shape.which is 3 dimensional
what do the metabolic reactions depend on
the-enzymes
Which act as a catalyst
What does a catalyst do
Speed up the reactions in the body. Theyalso control the speed at which the action takes place.
Why do enzymes have a specific shape called the active site
The active site is complementary to the sub strate , which fits into the active site making the reactions occur more quickly
Why are enzymes highly Sspecific
Because only one substrate fit into the enzymes active site
What do we call the input of energy which kickstaarts the reaction
Activation energy
What is needed to get past the energy barrier
Heat
Why are enzymes needed in the body
Because at 37c there is not enough kinetic energy to get past the energy barrier
What temperature are most of the body’s reactions taking place at
37c
What is the term for when a substrate fit into an active site of an emzyme
The lock and key theory
What are the main 3 points in the induced fit
- It has a base flexible shape
- The substrate collides with the enzymes so enzyme change schape
- The activation energy lowers
What are the 2 ways in which the enzyme can be effected
The temperature and the Ph
If the temperature increases what happens about the kinetic energy
The kinetic energy increases increasing the collisions wit hthe active sites becasue they move faster
Why is it band if the enzymes vibrate to much
Enzymes are made of hydrogen bonds which are relatively weak so if it vibrates more because of the texture then theynmsy break changing the shape of the active site
What is denatured enzyme
This is where the the substrate still fits in but not as easily so the rate of reaction slows down however more bonds break soothe substrate can no longer fit into the enzyme becasuebthey active site changes so Much
What is the optimum texture for a human enzyme to work at the best
37c
Whatbdoes the Ph measure
The concentrations of H+ ions
What happens to the enzyme if the hydrogen varies to much
It changes the charge on the molecules
And breaks down these bonds as they’re weak hydrogen bonds
If the hydrogen varies to much hoe does the enzyme denaturtues
The tersionary structure changes so the active site is no longer the right shape
If a fix amount of enzymes are present and the amount of substrate present slowly increases the rate of reaction this is because
A low substrate concentration means that some of the enzymes will have empty active sites. There is not enough substrate moleculesn present for the enzyme to work the fastest
If the concentration of substrate increases to a certain point what will happen
There will be no difference in the reaction this is becasuebthey all the active sites are being used so molecules are waiting for an active site
What does the blocked pancreatic duct mean with people with cystic fibrosis
The digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas can not enter the gut so food is not digested
What was elastase do the cystic fibrosis sufferers
It damages elastic fibres causing damage in the lungs and airways
