enzymes 3.1.4.2 Flashcards
what protein structure do enzymes usually have?
tertiary structure (globular) with catalytic activity
how do enzymes work in reactions?
by lowering the activation energy
explain the induced fit model
-the substrate is attracted to the enzyme even though there isn’t an exact complementary shape between them.
-as the substrate binds, the enzyme’s active site slightly changes shape to allow the enzyme-substrate complex to form.
-this put stress on the substrate and tension on the bonds.
-the activation energy is lowered.
-the product is released and the enzyme’s active site returns back to its original shape.
what are the factors that affect the rate of reaction?
temperature, pH, enzyme conc, substrate conc and inhibitors.
how does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
As the temperature increases, so does the rate of reaction. This is because the particles gain more kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster resulting in more frequent successful collisions. As the temperature continues to increase, the optimum will eventually be reached, this is when the enzymes works the best. As the temperature increases beyond the optimum, the rate of reaction will start to decrease. This is because the particles have gained too much kinetic energy resulting in weak bonds like hydrogen bonds to break apart. This changes the shape of the active site, denaturing it. The substrates can no longer bind, so no more enzyme-substrate complex can be formed.
How does pH affect the rate of reaction?
pH is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration. Left or right to where the optimum is, the enzyme becomes denatures. pH affects the charges, so ionic bonds are affected.
