Enzymes Flashcards
What do enzymes do
Speed up the chemical reaction
What are enzymes also called
Catalyst
Are enzymes biological catalysts
Yes
Does every enzyme have a specifics shape that fits onto the substrate involved in the reaction
Yes
How many reactions can enzymes catalyse
One
What happens if the enzymes gets too hot
The enzymes denature meaning the bond holding the enzyme together breaks causing the enzymes special shape to be destroyed meaning it cannot work anymore
What happens when the ph is added
It can change the rate of reaction
What happens if the ph is too high
It also affects the bonds in the enzymes this changes the shape and denatures the enzyme.
What acid does the stomach produce
Hydrochloride acid
What conditions do enzymes work best in
Acidic conditions
What do food does amylase break down
Starch
What food does protease break down
Protein
What food does lipase break down
Fats
What does amylase break starch into
Sugars
What does protease break protein into
Amino acid
What does lipase break fats into
Fatty acids and glycerol
Where is bile produced
Stomach
Where is bile stored before it’s released into small intestines
Gall bladder
What condition do the enzymes work best at in the small intestines
Alkaline conditions
What is respiration
The release of energy from the breakdown of glucose
Does respiration go on in every cell
Yes
What is aerobic respiration
Respiration using oxygen
Does aerobic respiration go on in plays and animals
Yes all the time
Where does most aerobic respiration happen
Mitochondria
What is the equation for respiration
Oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the energy from respiration used for 4 points
- to build up larger molecules from smaller ones
- in animals to allow muscles to contract
- in mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady
- in plants to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acid s, amino acids are then built up into protein
What does exercise do
Increases the heart rate
What d your muscles use to release energy and what is done with this energy
Used to release oxygen and the energy is used to contract your muscles
What happens when you excrcise
Need more oxygen and glucose
Extra carbon dioxide needs to be removed
For these things to happen the blood must flow faster
What do your muscles store glucose as
Glycogen
What happens when you excercise hard
Muscles use glucose quickly
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen
