Enzymes Flashcards
What is the mechanism of enzyme action?
(Include active site and enzyme specificity)
binding to specific substrates at their active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex
How are enzymes denatured?
If enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures the shape of their active site may change. If this happens then the substrate will no longer fit into the enzymes.
How does temperature,substrate concentration and pH affect enzyme activity?
Temperature-Low temperatures slow down the reaction rate due to decreased movement. High temperatures can denature the enzyme, rendering it non-functional
Substrate concentration- after the optimum the increase doesn’t affect the rate anymore
pH-Extreme pH values (either acidic or alkaline) can denature the enzyme, altering its shape and making it non-functional
How to calculate rate of enzymic activity?
rate = change ÷ time
Why are enzymes important?
Without enzymes, many reactions would occur far too slowly to sustain life and they are not used up
What enzymes break down carbohydrates?
Amylase, lactase, sucrase, and maltase.
What enzymes break down lipids?
lipases
What enzymes break down proteins?
Proteases
What do carbohydrates turn into?
glucose
What do lipids turn into?
fatty acids and glycerol
What do proteins turn into?
amino acids
