Cells And Microscope Flashcards
What does the cell membrane do?
allows passage of substances into and out of the cell
What does the permanent vacuole do?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
What does the chromosomal DNA do?
Chromosomal DNA: The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained in the nucleus
How are sperm cells adapted to their function?
a tail to move them towards an egg cell
many mitochondria to provide energy
an acrosome (part of the tip of the head) that releases enzymes to digest the egg membrane
How are egg cells adapted to their function?
The egg cell’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
The haploid nucleus contains genetic material for fertilisation.
The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter.
How is ciliated epithelial adapted to its function?
have numerous tiny hair-like structures called cilia that beat in a coordinated way.
How has microscopy helped us see cell structures with more clarity?
(Including electron microscopy)
What are milli,micro,nano and pico equal to?
Milli-10^-3
Micro-10^-6
Nano-10^-9
Pico-10^-12
What does a nucleus do?
contains the genetic material, DNA
What does a mitochondria do?
carries out respiration to release energy
What does ribosomes do?
create proteins
What does the cytoplasm do?
carries out many cell chemical reactions
What does the chloroplast do?
Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What does cell wall do?
Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.
Bacteria cells also contain a cell wall but are not made from cellulose
What does plasmid DNA do?
Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.
What does the flagella do?
Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium.
What does the pili do?
help the bacteria to attach to other cells or surfaces
