ENZYMES Flashcards
What is dehydration synthesis
The reaction where water is removed
How are amino acids linked
Bu peptide bonds that form short chains (peptides) and long chains (polypeptide)
Protein structure
Changes due to attraction and repulsion of amino acids and can twist and coil
R GROUPS influence
Electrically charged = attracts water on the outside of structure
Not charged = repelled by water and will be on inside of structure
What is a vitamin
Organic compound, acts as a coenzyme
What is a mineral
Inorganic compound, plays important role in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction
What is an enzyme
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst in chemical reaction
What is a catalyst
Speeds up chemical reaction by reducing activation energy
Enzymes often end in what?
“Ase”
What is a cofactor
Inorganic minerals that bind enzyme to change its shapes
What is a coenzyme
Organic molecules that are essential for function of some enzymes
What is enzyme concentration
It is increasing the amount of enzyme, causing and increase in reaction rate (until you run out of substrate)
What is substrate concentration
Increasing concentration of substrate increases reaction rate until all enzyme molecules are used
Enzymes have what temperature and ph
Optimal, high temperature cause enzyme to denature and too far outside ph also causes denature
Denature of enzyme
Alters shape when there are extremes in ph and temp
What is an inhibitor?
Molecules that attach to enzyme to reduce ability to bind to substrate
Types of inhibitors
Competitive - bind to active site blocking substrate
Non competitive - attract somewhere other than active site and change 3D shape of enzyme making substrate unable to bind
