Enzymes

Question 1

Describe the interactions between the substrate and an enzyme if that enzyme is assisting in the formation of a covalent bond

Answer 1

• The enzyme’s active site binds substrates, positioning them to promote covalent bond formation.
• The enzyme’s shape, charge, and chemical groups stabilize the transition state.
• The enzyme lowers activation energy, facilitating the reaction.
• Transient covalent bonds may form between the enzyme and substrate, aiding catalysis.

Question 2

Describe the interactions between a substrate and an enzyme if that enzyme is assisting in breaking a covalent bond

Answer 2

• The enzyme’s active site binds the substrate, orienting it to weaken the covalent bond.
• The enzyme may stabilize the transition state, lowering the activation energy for bond cleavage.
• Specific chemical groups in the enzyme’s active site may participate in proton transfers or electron rearrangements.
• The enzyme may induce strain on the substrate, making the covalent bond more susceptible to breaking.