ENZYMES

Question 1

Metabolism:

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Solar energy:

Answer 2

From sun. Primary source of energy for life on Earth

Question 3

Cellular energy:

Answer 3

Contained in bonds of biomolecules

Question 4

Catalyst:

Answer 4

Speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction

Question 5

Enzyme:

Answer 5

Protein (or organic) catalyst

Question 6

Enzymes work because they have the 3-D shape to fit a particular molecule. Enzymes:

Answer 6

Act on a substrate, form products, are made of protein

Question 7

Example of substrate, enzyme and product:

Answer 7

STARCH (substrate), AMYLASE (enzyme), MALTOSE (product)

Question 8

Substrate:

Answer 8

Substance which with an enzyme reacts

Question 9

Product:

Answer 9

Substance enzyme forms

Question 10

Enzymes control metabolic reactions in plants and animals. These can be:

Answer 10

Catabolic (complex molecules to simpler molecules) or anabolic (simpler molecules to complex molecules)

Question 11

Catabolic enzyme:

Answer 11

Amylase: in salivary glands (mouth + pancreas), converts starch to maltose

Question 12

Anabolic enzyme:

Answer 12

DNA ligase: joins sections of DNA together

Question 13

Denatured enzyme:

Answer 13

Enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer function

Question 14

Enzyme activity is affected by:

Answer 14

Temperature and PH

Question 15

Ideal temperature of human enzymes:

Answer 15

37 °C

Question 16

Ideal temperature of plants enzymes:

Answer 16

20-30 °C

Question 17

Ideal enzymes PH:

Answer 17

Ph 7 = optimum, between 6-8 (Pepsin in stomach = Ph2

Question 18

Bioprocessing:

Answer 18

Use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 19

Bioreactor:

Answer 19

Vessel/container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 20

Immobilised enzyme:

Answer 20

enzymes attached or fixed to each other or to inert material

Question 21

Benefits of immobilised enzymes:

Answer 21

• May be reused
• Easy to separate from product
• Process is cheaper

Question 22

Immobilised enzymes are used for:

Answer 22

• Sweeten soft drinks with fructose (from glucose)
• Convert penicillin to different forms
• Produce sweet-tasting sugars from lactose

Question 23

Investigate effect of pH on enzyme (catalase) activity:

Answer 23

1. pH buffer solution 4 + drop of washing up liquid + blended celery (catalase) to graduated cylinder and mix
2. Add hydrogen peroxide (substrate) to second graduated cylinder
3. Place both cylinders in water bath (25°C for few mins.)
4. Remove both cylinders + pour hydrogen peroxide to first cylinder
5. Record volume of foam