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BIOLOGY UNIT 2 > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

A cell:

A

The smallest part of a living thing

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2
Q

What are inside cells?

A

Many organelles

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3
Q

What are cell organelles?

A

Cell components that perform specific functions within the cell.

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4
Q

Functions of cell membrane:

A

Controls what gets in and out of the cell

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5
Q

Role of the nucleus:

A

Controls the activities of the cell.

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6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Large, dark organelle in the centre of the cell

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7
Q

What cell’s genetic information does the nucleus contain.

A

DNA, protein

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8
Q

Double membrane:

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus, and ensures nothing of danger to the nucleus gets in.

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9
Q

Nuclear pores:

A

Allows RNA to leave the nucleus during protein-synthesis, and allows nitrogenous bases into the nucleus in DNA replication and protein synthesis.

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10
Q

Nucleolus:

A

Contains RNA, DNA, and proteins that make ribosomes

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11
Q

What is a semipermeable membrane in a cell?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Functions of chlorophyll:

A

Used to trap sun’s energy, allowing photosynthesis to occur.

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13
Q

What includes the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol + organelles

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13
Q

Benefit of using a stain when observing cell under microscope?

A

Makes the cells more visible

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14
Q

Function of ribosomes:

A

Site of protein synthesis

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15
Q

Selective permeable:

A

When only some substances are allowed through

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16
Q

Course focus wheel function:

A

Brings object roughly into focus

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17
Q

Fine focus wheel function:

A

Brings object into sharp focus.

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18
Q

What is the cell membrane primarily made of?

A

phospholipids & protein

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19
Q

Where are organelles held?

A

In cytosol

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20
Q

Chromatin: 🧬

A

Refers to our chromosomes during interphase. they are elongated and thread-like structures.

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21
Q

Functions of the vacuole:

A

*Structural support
*Storage
*Waste disposal
*Protection
*Growth

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22
Q

Why should you only fine-focus using a high power lens?

A

As the course focus could smash the slide or damage the lens

23
Q

Nose piece:

A

allows you to use different lenses.

24
Q

The process carried out by the mitochondria is…

A

Respiration

25
Q

Ribosomes are made out of…

A

rRNA

26
Q

Name one type of animal cell that does not have mitochondria..

A

Red blood cells

27
Q

The name of chloroplasts pigment is..

A

Chlorophyll

28
Q

function of mitochondria:

A

To provide energy. They are the only cell organelle outside the nucleus to contain genetic info as they have a loop of DNA.

29
Q

Plant cell examination needs what stain…

A

iodine solution

30
Q

The more mitochondria and more…

A

Energy!

31
Q

process of examining an Plant cell under the microscope:

A

Cut onion and remove the epidermal layer using tweezers. place the onion sample onto a clean glass slide and add 1 drop of iodine solution to the sample and leave for 3 min. Use filter paper to remove excess iodine solution and place coverslip on at a 45 degree angle using a mounting needle. Place slide on the stage of the microscope and examine.

32
Q

process of examining an animal cell under the microscope:

A

cotton swab, scrape cheek cell. rub swab sample onto a clean slide. add one drop of methylene blue to sample + leave for 3 mins. Use filter paper to remove excess and place coverslip on a 45-degree angle using a mounting needle. place the slide on stage of microscope to examine.

33
Q

Advantage of a selectively permeable membrane:

A

Harmful substances kept out.

34
Q

The plant cell wall is made from…

A

The structural polysaccharide, cellulose!

35
Q

Mirror light:

A

Provides light to see the object on the stage.

36
Q

Eukaryotic cell:

A

A cell which has a distant nucleus or membrane-bound organelle. eg: A human cell

37
Q

Animal cell examination needs what stain…

A

methylene blue

38
Q

Prokaryotic cell:

A

A cell which doesn’t contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelle. eg: Bacteria

39
Q

function of chloroplasts:

A

They are the site of photosynthesis

40
Q

Plant cells have…

A

cellulose wall, large vacuole, and chloroplasts!!

41
Q

Objective lens:

A

magnifies the image, there may be several objective lenses but always start with the smallest.

42
Q

Why is a coverslip used?

A

To protect the microscopes lens.

43
Q

Name two locations within the cell in which there is selectively permeable membrane:

A

Vacuole and nucleus (allow cell membrane)

44
Q

The vacuole plays a vital role of…

A

Ormosegulatation, the control of water movement in and out of the cell.

45
Q

How to examine a cell using a microscope:

A

Place slide with the cell sample on the stage of the microscope and turn on the light. Examine sample using the lowest lens first, use the coarse focus knob to focus the sample and then use the fine focus knob to focus the sample.

46
Q

Eye piece:

A

Allows you to see the specimen.

47
Q

Mitochondria:

A

Powerhouse of the cell

48
Q

Why does the organelle involved in respiration, found in different amounts in different cells?

A

As different cells need different amounts of energy.

49
Q

Compare the cell wall & cell membrane in terms of permeability:

A

Wall: Fully permeable
Membrane: Selectively permeable

50
Q

Why is a stain used when preparing a slide?

A

To make the cells clearer to see.

51
Q

Is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

A

it is semi-permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and block others.

52
Q

Cytosol (Cytoplasm)

A

Is a clear jelly like fluid that fills the cell.

53
Q

Function of the cell wall:

A

To support, strengthen and protect the cell.

54
Q

stage:

A

Holds the glass slide

BIOLOGY UNIT 2 (2 decks)

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