Enzymes

Question 1

Each ___ have multiple domains

Answer 1

Unit

Question 2

Part that have prosthetic group/co-factor attached, that help shape the enzyme; have own non-polar region

Answer 2

Domain

Question 3

Can develop the secondary characteristic (coiled structure)

Answer 3

Twist and turn

Question 4

Composed of beta structure

Answer 4

Flat-like/ribbon-like shape

Question 5

Structure that deals with both coiled and beta shape structures

Answer 5

Tertiary structure

Question 6

Involved in the electron transport chain. It is found in complex #3 where it is embedded in mitochondria

Answer 6

Cytochrome C Oxidase

Question 7

A biological catalyst

Answer 7

Enzyme

Question 8

Enzymes can increase the rate of a reaction by a factor of ___ to ___ over an uncatalyzed reaction

Answer 8

10^9 to 10^20

Question 9

Refers to the D and L isomeric form of substrate

Answer 9

Stereoselective

Question 10

Important in nitrogen fixation; relevant in providing food for plants and animals

Answer 10

Urease

Question 11

Digestive enzyme that is secreted in pancreas and incorporated in pancreatic juice and released in the small intestine

Answer 11

Trypsin

Question 12

Targets within the sequence of proteins iteself

Answer 12

Endopeptidase

Question 13

Targets terminal acid of both ends of the sequence

Answer 13

Exopeptidase

Question 14

Enzymes responsible for oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 14

Oxidoreductases

Question 15

Enzymes responsible for group transfer reactions

Answer 15

Transferases

Question 16

Enzymes responsible for hydrolysis reactions

Answer 16

Hydrolases

Question 17

Enzymes responsible for the addition of two groups to a C-C double bond, or the removal of two groups to create a C-C double bond

Answer 17

Lyases

Question 18

Enzymes responsible for isomerization reactions

Answer 18

Isomerases

Question 19

Enzymes responsible for the joining of two molecules

Answer 19

Ligases (or synthases)

Question 20

Involves the transferring of reactions, or group that is typically a phosphate group

Answer 20

Transferases

Question 21

Uses water to cleave a bond. It is also used to deactivate certain molecules

Answer 21

Hydrolases

Question 22

A part of the axon terminal

Answer 22

Presynaptic cleft

Question 23

Where dendrites can be found

Answer 23

Postsynaptic cleft

Question 24

A space covered with a very thin membrane

Answer 24

Synaptic gap

Question 25

Important in physiological function since it attaches to a specific receptor that will activate it. Once it is activated, it will activate other neurons

Answer 25

Acetyl Choline

Question 26

Responsible for degrading acetyl choline into acetic acid and choline in synaptic gap to prevent overstimulation

Answer 26

Acetyl Choline Esterases

Question 27

Converts one compound into another functional group and usually partnered with an isomerase

Answer 27

Lyases

Question 28

Transports shape or structure of a particular isomer into another form, or rearranges form to fit the target molecule. Tautomerization

Answer 28

Isomerase

Question 29

Forms particular bonds. Typically happens during anabolic reactions

Answer 29

Ligase

Question 30

The protein part of an enzyme

Answer 30

Apoenzyme

Question 31

A nonprotein portion of an enzyme that is necessary for catalytic function

Answer 31

Cofactor

Question 32

A nonprotein organic molecule that acts as a cofactor

Answer 32

Coenzyme

Question 33

The compound/s whole reaction an enzyme catalyzes

Answer 33

Substrate

Question 34

The specific portion of an enzyme to which a substrate binds during reaction

Answer 34

Active site

Question 35

Requires a cofactor or coenzyme to be activated

Answer 35

Apoenzyme

Question 36

A measure of how much a reaction rate is increased

Answer 36

Enzyme activity

Question 37

"Asymptote" which means that you can never achieve theoretical value of Vmax because of the rate of dissociation of enzyme to your product (k3)

Answer 37

Zero order

Question 38

Enzyme + Substrate

Answer 38

= Enzyme Substrate Complex

Question 39

Enzyme substrate complex will produce ___ ___ ___

Answer 39

Enzyme Product Complex

Question 40

Enzyme Product Complex will dissociate into ___ + ___

Answer 40

Enzyme + Product

Question 41

k1

Answer 41

Rate of formation

Question 42

k2

Answer 42

Rate of dissociation

Question 43

k3 or kcat

Answer 43

An Important rate

Question 44

Any process that initiates or increases the activity of an enzyme

Answer 44

Activation

Question 45

Any process that makes an active enzyme less active or inactive

Answer 45

Inhibition

Question 46

A substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme thereby preventing binding of substrate

Answer 46

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 47

Any substance that binds to a portion of the enzyme other than the active site and thereby inhibits the activity of the enzyme

Answer 47

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Question 48

Another name of the lock and key model

Answer 48

Fischer model

Question 49

Induced fit model is also known as?

Answer 49

Koshland model

Question 50

The point of substrate concentration. It determines substrate affinity. The lower the value, the higher the affinity and the other way around

Answer 50

Km

Question 51

It gives tight binding to the active site. The tight bonding loses when substrate is converted into product

Answer 51

Sulfhydryl group

Question 52

An enzyme regulation process where the product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence

Answer 52

Feedback control

Question 53

Also called as "Feed Forward Reaction". As you accumulate more product, it will induce or activate further the enzyme to increase binding affinity of enzyme to substrate, leading to a higher rate of velocity of the reaction

Answer 53

Positive Feedback Control

Question 54

Incomplete enzyme

Answer 54

Apoenzyme

Question 55

You have already produced a complete enzyme but it is in an inactive form, which needs modification

Answer 55

Zymogen

Question 56

Enzyme regulation based on an event occurring at a place other than the active site but that creates a change in the active site

Answer 56

Allosterism

Question 57

Inhibition of an allosteric enzyme

Answer 57

Negative modulation

Question 58

Stimulation of an allosteric enzyme

Answer 58

Positive modulation

Question 59

A substance that binds to an allosteric enzyme

Answer 59

Regulator

Question 60

The process of affecting enzyme activity by covalently modifying it

Answer 60

Protein modification

Question 61

An enzyme that occurs in multiple forms; each catalyzes the same reaction

Answer 61

Isoenzyme/Isozymes