Enzymes Flashcards
By what other name are enzymes referred to
Biological catalysts
What do catalysts do
Speed up reactions without being used up
What are enzymes made from
Proteins
What rate do enzymes control, in digestion
The rate of the metabolism (how fast food is digested)
How are enzymes made
Chains of amino acids fold up to create an active site
What enzyme digests carbohydrates
Amylase, carbohydrase
What enzyme digests proteins
Pepsin, protease
What enzyme digests Lipids
Lipase
What do enzymes digest food groups into
Carbohydrates-> simple sugars
Proteins-> amino acids
Lipids-> fatty acids, glycerol
What is the name of the hypothesis that describes how enzymes break down foods
Lock and key hypothesis
What happens to the active site over a certain temperature
It denatures
Where are all digestive enzymes created
The small intestine
What is produced in the liver
Bile
What is created in the pancreas
Amylase, lipase, protease
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in an organism.
What is the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme function?
The shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate are complementary, so can bind together to form an enzyme substrate complex .
How does pH affect enzyme function?
The optimum pH for for most enzymes is 7 (apart from protease in the stomach). If the pH is too extreme, the shape of the active site may be altered and the enzyme may no longer work.
What is the role of carbohydrases in the digestive system?
Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides and disaccharides. Amylase breaks down starch into maltose and Maltese breaks down maltose into glucose.
What type of metabolic reactions do enzymes catalyse?
Building larger molecules from smaller molecules.
Changing one molecule to another.
Breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
