ENZYMES Flashcards
-Most are protein in nature
-Are proteins that act as catalyst in biochemical reactions
-Most efficicient catalysts
ENZYMES
❑“Table Sugar”
❑Disaccharide composed of an alpha-D-glucose molecule + beta D-Fructose
molecule linked by alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
❑When this bond is cleaved in a hydrolysis reaction, an equimolar mixture of
glucose and fructose are generated – INVERT SUGAR
SUCROSE
When this bond is cleaved in a hydrolysis reaction, an equimolar mixture of
glucose and fructose are generated
INVERT SUGAR
❑“Beta-Fructofuranosidase
❑Mainly used in the food (confectionery) industry
❑Commercially invertase is biosynthesized by yeast strains of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.
INVERTASE
❑Sugars capable of acting reducing agents because it
has a free aldehyde group or a ketone group.
REDUCING SUGARS
REDUCING
SUGARS
Glucose Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
Maltose
Galactose
NON REDUCING
SUGARS
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
Galactose + Glucose
Lactose
Glucose + Glucose
Maltose
❑3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid or 2- hydroxy-3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid
❑An aromatic compound that reacts with reducing sugars and other
reducing molecules to form 3-amino 5-nitrosalicylic acid
❑Strongly absorbs light at 540 nm
DNS
❑ Detects the presence of free carbonyl
group (C=O) of reducing sugars
❑ It involves the oxidation of the
aldehyde functional group in Glucose
and Ketones functional groups in
Fructose.
DNS COLORIMETRIC METHOD
3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (yellow)
reduction
————->
3 amino, 5-nitro salicylic acid (orange-red)
the most favorable pH values- the point
where the enzymes is most active
Optimum pH
